Showing 61-80 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Commercial hospital discharge packs for breastfeeding women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2008
Exclusive breastfeeding until around six months of age, followed by the introduction of solids with continued breastfeeding, is considered to be the optimal nutritional start for newborn infants.
- Commercial versus home-made spacers in delivering bronchodilator therapy for acute therapy in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2011
Strong evidence supports the use of metered-dose inhalers combined with a spacer for delivering rapid-acting inhaled beta-2 agonists in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma in children. The high cost and lack of availability of commercially prod
- Community-based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2012
Supplementary feeding is defined as the provision of extra food to children or families beyond the normal ration of their home diets. The impact of food supplementation on child growth merits careful evaluation in view of the reliance of many states and n
- Conjugate vaccines for preventing Haemophilus influenzae type B infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2009
Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is an important cause of meningitis and pneumonia in children. Vaccine cost is a significant barrier to use in low income countries. Determining the size of the effects of the vaccine will enable cost-effectiveness c
- Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Feb-2017
Cardiotocography (CTG) records changes in the fetal heart rate and their temporal relationship to uterine contractions. The aim is to identify babies who may be short of oxygen (hypoxic) to guide additional assessments of fetal wellbeing, or determine if
- Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2011
Complications associated with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters (PCVC) in neonates include catheter thrombosis, occlusion or dislodgement and infection. Strategies to prevent catheter thrombosis and occlusion include the use of hep
- Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
The use of peripheral intravenous cannulae is common in newborn babies. Many of them require an intravenous line only for medications and not for fluid. Currently there is little uniformity in methods used to maintain cannula patency.
- Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2011
Milk feedings can be given via nasogastric tube either intermittently, typically over 10 to 20 minutes every two or three hours, or continuously, using an infusion pump. Although theoretical benefits and risks of each method have been proposed, effects on
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2020
Respiratory distress, particularly respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), is the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. In infants with progressive respiratory insufficiency, intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IP
- Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pr
- Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2011
Diabetes results in a rise in blood glucose above normal physiological levels; if untreated this may cause damage to many systems including the cardiovascular and renal systems. Pregnancy leads to a physiological resistance to insulin action; for those wo
- Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Feb-2013
Newborn animal studies and pilot studies in humans suggest that mild hypothermia following peripartum hypoxia-ischaemia in newborn infants may reduce neurological sequelae without adverse effects.
- Corticosteroids for the prevention and treatment of post-extubation stridor in neonates, children and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2014
Post-extubation stridor may prolong length of stay in the intensive care unit, particularly if airway obstruction is severe and re-intubation proves necessary. Some clinicians use corticosteroids to prevent or treat post-extubation stridor, but corticoste
- Corticosteroids for treating hypotension in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Nov-2011
Systemic hypotension is a relatively common complication of preterm birth and is associated with periventricular haemorrhage, periventricular white matter injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Corticosteroid treatment has been used as an alternat
- Cot-nursing versus incubator care for preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2011
Preterm infants are usually nursed in incubators, but cot-nursing may provide an alternative. While there may be benefits of nursing preterm infants in open cots, there may be potential risks such as nosocomial infection caused by more handling due to eas
- Cow's milk protein avoidance and development of childhood wheeze in children with a family history of atopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Sep-2008
In infants with a family history of atopy, food allergen avoidance has been advocated as means of preventing the development of atopic disease, when breast-feeding is not possible or supplemental feeding is needed. Most infant formulas are based on cow's
- Critical incident audit and feedback to improve perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jan-2011
Audit and feedback of critical incidents is an established part of obstetric practice. However, the effect on perinatal and maternal mortality is unclear. The potential harmful effects and costs are unknown.
- Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2012
Chronic lung disease (CLD) frequently occurs in preterm infants and has a multifactorial aetiology including inflammation. Cromolyn sodium is a mast cell stabiliser that inhibits neutrophil activation and neutrophil chemotaxis and may, therefore, have a r
- Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Feb-2008
Breast milk provides optimal nutrition for newborn infants, and the ideal way for infants to receive breast milk is through suckling at the breast. Unfortunately, this may not always be possible, as there are numerous reasons why a newborn infant may not
- Customised versus population-based growth charts as a screening tool for detecting small for gestational age infants in low-risk pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2014
Fetal growth restriction is defined as failure to reach growth potential and considered one of the major complications of pregnancy. These infants are often, although not universally, small for gestational age (SGA). SGA is defined as a weight less than a
