Showing 801-820 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-May-2015
Poor growth and nutritional status are common in children with chronic diseases. Oral protein calorie supplements are used to improve nutritional status in these children. These expensive products may be associated with some adverse effects, e.g. the deve
- Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used to treat the dehydration caused by diarrhoeal diseases, including cholera. ORS formulations with an osmolarity (a measure of solute concentration) of = 270 mOsm/L (ORS = 270) are safe and more effective than ORS for
- Oral versus intravenous antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
Fever occurring in a neutropenic patient remains a common life-threatening complication of cancer chemotherapy. The common practice is to admit the patient to hospital and treat him or her empirically with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics. Oral ther
- Oral zinc for arterial and venous leg ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Sep-2014
Leg ulcers affect up to one percent of people at some time in their life. Leg ulceration is chronic in nature and ulcers may be present for months or even years without healing. After healing there is a high risk of recurrence. Treatments include wound dr
- Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jul-2014
Organised stroke unit care is provided by multidisciplinary teams that exclusively manage stroke patients in a ward dedicated to stroke patients, with a mobile stroke team or within a generic disability service (mixed rehabilitation ward).
- Orientation and mobility training for adults with low vision
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Orientation and mobility (O&M) training is provided to people who are visually impaired to help them maintain travel independence. It teaches them new orientation and mobility skills to compensate for reduced visual information.
- Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2014
Anterior open bite occurs when there is a lack of vertical overlap of the upper and lower incisors. The aetiology is multifactorial including: oral habits, unfavourable growth patterns, enlarged lymphatic tissue with mouth breathing. Several treatments ha
- Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2011
Correction of the type of dental problem where the bite is deep and the upper front teeth are retroclined (Class II division 2 malocclusion) may be carried out using different types of orthodontic treatment. However, in severe cases, surgery to the jaws i
- Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Dec-2021
A posterior crossbite occurs when the top back teeth bite inside the bottom back teeth. The prevalence of posterior crossbite is around 4% and 17% of children and adolescents in Europe and America, respectively. Several treatments have been recommended to
- Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2014
Prominent upper front teeth are a common problem affecting about a quarter of 12-year old children in the UK. The correction of this condition is one of the most common treatments performed by orthodontists. This condition develops when the child's perman
- Osteotomy, compression and other modifications of surgical techniques for internal fixation of extracapsular hip fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Feb-2009
Many different surgical techniques have been described for the internal fixation of extracapsular hip fractures.
- Ovulation suppression for endometriosis for women with subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands or stroma in sites other than the uterine cavity and appears to be an oestrogen-dependent condition. This dependency has prompted the therapeutic use of ovulation suppression agents in an effort to impro
- Oxygen therapy during exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2009
Exercise training within the context of pulmonary rehabilitation improves outcomes of exercise capacity, dyspnea and health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Supplemental oxygen in comparison to plac
- Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2008
Dental caries is a bacterially mediated disease characterised by demineralisation of the tooth surface, which may lead to cavitation, discomfort, pain and eventual tooth loss. Ozone is toxic to certain bacteria in vitro and it has been suggested that deli
- Pain management for sickle cell disease in children and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2015
Sickle cell disease is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by an abnormality of haemoglobin that predisposes to polymerization and consequent deformation ("sickling"). Sickle cell disease can cause episodes of acute severe pain. Chronic pain may a
- Pain relief for neonatal circumcision
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
Circumcision is a painful procedure that many newborn males undergo in the first few days after birth. Interventions are available to reduce pain at circumcision; however, many newborns are circumcised without pain management.
- Pain relief in hysterosalpingography
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2015
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a method of testing for tubal patency. However, women struggle to tolerate the procedure, as it is associated with some discomfort. Various pharmacological strategies are available that may reduce pain during the procedure,
- Palliation of metastatic bone pain: single fraction versus multifraction radiotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2011
Recent randomised studies reported that single fraction radiotherapy was as effective as multifraction radiotherapy in relieving pain due to bone metastasis. However, there are concerns about the higher retreatment rates and the efficacy of preventing fut
- Palliative radiotherapy regimens for patients with thoracic symptoms from non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jan-2015
Palliative radiotherapy to the chest is often used in patients with lung cancer, but radiotherapy regimens are more often based on tradition than research results. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2001 and previously updated in 20
- Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2014
Paracetamol has been commonly used for the relief of postoperative pain following oral surgery. In this review we investigated the optimal dose of paracetamol and the optimal time for drug administration to provide pain relief, taking into account the sid
