- Topical antimicrobial agents for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2017
People with diabetes are at high risk for developing foot ulcers, which often become infected. These wounds, especially when infected, cause substantial morbidity. Wound treatments should aim to alleviate symptoms, promote healing, and avoid adverse outco - Topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jan-2020
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), sometimes referred to as chronic otitis media (COM), is a chronic inflammation and infection of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, characterised by ear discharge (otorrhoea) through a perforated tympanic membrane. - Topical application of tranexamic acid for the reduction of bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2013
Intravenous tranexamic acid reduces bleeding in surgery, however, its effect on the risk of thromboembolic events is uncertain and an increased risk remains a theoretical concern. Because there is less systemic absorption following topical administration, - Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulphur, zinc and fruit acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) for acne
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2020
Acne is an inflammatory disorder with a high global burden. It is common in adolescents and primarily affects sebaceous gland-rich areas. The clinical benefit of the topical acne treatments azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulphur, zinc, and al - Topical azole treatments for otomycosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2021
Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the outer ear, which may be treated with topical antifungal medications. There are many types, with compounds belonging to the azole group ('azoles') being among the most widely used. - Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2020
Acne is a common, economically burdensome condition that can cause psychological harm and, potentially, scarring. Topical benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a widely used acne treatment; however, its efficacy and safety have not been clearly evaluated. - Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jan-2017
This review is an update of 'Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults' last updated in Issue 2, 2013. Topical creams with capsaicin are used to treat peripheral neuropathic pain. Following application to the skin, caps - Topical capsaicin (low concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Topical creams with capsaicin are used to treat pain from a wide range of chronic conditions including neuropathic pain. Following application to the skin capsaicin causes enhanced sensitivity to noxious stimuli, followed by a period with reduced sensitiv - Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Sep-2015
Clonidine is a presynaptic alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for many years to treat hypertension and other conditions, including chronic pain. Adverse events associated with systemic use of the drug have limited its application. Topical use of dru - Topical corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for bacterial keratitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Oct-2014
Bacterial keratitis is a serious ocular infectious disease that can lead to severe visual disability. Risk factors for bacterial corneal infection include contact lens wear, ocular surface disease, corneal trauma, and previous ocular or eyelid surgery. To - Topical corticosteroids for dry eye
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2022
Dry eye disease (DED), arising from various etiologic factors, leads to tear film instability, ocular surface damage, and neurosensory changes. DED causes symptoms such as ocular dryness, burning, itching, pain, and visual impairment. Given their well-est - Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Aug-2014
Until recently, phimosis has been treated surgically by circumcision or prepuceplasty; however, recent reports of non-invasive treatment using topical corticosteroids applied for four to eight weeks have been favourable. The efficacy and safety of topical - Topical cyclosporine A therapy for dry eye syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Sep-2019
Topical cyclosporine A (also known as ciclosporin A) (CsA) is an anti-inflammatory that has been widely used to treat inflammatory ocular surface diseases. Two CsA eyedrops have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for managing dry eye: Restas - Topical cyclosporine for atopic keratoconjunctivitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2012
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a chronic ocular surface non-infectious inflammatory condition that atopic dermatitis patients may suffer at any time point in the course of their dermatologic disease and is independent of its degree of severity. AKC - Topical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene replacement for cystic fibrosis‐related lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2016
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a defective gene encoding a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and is characterised by chronic lung infection resulting in inflammation and progressive lung damage that results in a - Topical emollient for preventing infection in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-May-2021
Breakdown of the developmentally immature epidermal barrier may permit entry for micro-organisms leading to invasive infection in preterm infants. Topical emollients may improve skin integrity and barrier function and thereby prevent invasive infection, a - Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
Topical fluoride therapy (TFT) in the form of varnish, gel, mouthrinse or toothpaste has been used extensively as a caries-preventive intervention for over 3 decades. - Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
For many years, topical use of fluorides has gained greater popularity than systemic use of fluorides. A possible adverse effect associated with the use of topical fluoride is the development of dental fluorosis due to the ingestion of excessive fluoride - Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2009
Rotator cuff disease is a common cause of shoulder pain. Topical glyceryl trinitrate is a possible new treatment. - Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2013
Before extraction and synthetic chemistry were invented, musculoskeletal complaints were treated with preparations from medicinal plants. They were either administered orally or topically. In contrast to the oral medicinal plant products, topicals act in
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