Showing 8401-8420 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Nov-2021
Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhoea, diarrhoea-related hospital admissions, and diarrhoea-related deaths worldwide. Rotavirus vaccines prequalified by the World Health Organization (WHO) include Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline), RotaTeq (Merck), and, more r
- Vaccines for preventing smallpox
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Smallpox was eradicated by 1980, but its possible use as a bioweapon has rekindled interest in the development of protective vaccines. Therefore, stockpiled calf lymph-derived vaccines and recently developed cell-cultured vaccines have been investigated t
- Vaccines for preventing tick‐borne encephalitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2009
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a disease of the central nervous system caused by a tick-borne viral infection. TBE can lead to severe neurological syndromes such as meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningoencephalomyelitis, which can result in death
- Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2018
Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever continue to be important causes of illness and death, particularly among children and adolescents in south-central and southeast Asia. Two typhoid vaccines are widely available, Ty21a (oral) and Vi polysaccharide (paren
- Vaccines for prophylaxis of viral infections in patients with hematological malignancies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2011
Viral infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. It remains uncertain whether viral vaccinations in these patients are supported by good evidence.
- Vaccines for the common cold
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-May-2017
The common cold is a spontaneously remitting infection of the upper respiratory tract, characterised by a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, cough, malaise, sore throat, and fever (usually < 37.8º C). The widespread morbidity caused by the common col
- Vaccines for women for preventing neonatal tetanus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2015
Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. It occurs in newborn infants born to mothers who do not have sufficient circulating antibodies to protect the infant passively, by transplacental transfer. Pre
- Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding Group B Streptococcal and HIV)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Sep-2014
The incidence of chorioamnionitis occurs in between eight and 12 women for every 1000 live births and 96% of cases of chorioamnionitis are due to ascending infection. Following spontaneous vaginal delivery, 1% to 4% of women develop postpartum endometriti
- Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2014
Although early-onset group B ß-hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) infection is rare, it accounts for approximately 30% of neonatal infections, has a high mortality rate, and is acquired through vertical transmission from colonized mothers. Several trials have
- Vaginal dilator therapy for women receiving pelvic radiotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2014
Vaginal dilation therapy is advocated after pelvic radiotherapy to prevent stenosis (abnormal narrowing of the vagina), but can be uncomfortable and psychologically distressing.
- Vaginal disinfection for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV infection is one of the most tragic consequences of the HIV epidemic, especially in resource-limited countries, resulting in about 650 000 new paediatric HIV infections each year worldwide. The paediatric HIV epi
- Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2010
Misoprostol (Cytotec, Searle) is a prostaglandin E1 analogue widely used for off-label indications such as induction of abortion and of labour. This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using standardised meth
- Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Apr-2020
Cesarean delivery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by obstetricians. Infectious morbidity after cesarean delivery can have a tremendous impact on the postpartum woman's return to normal function and her ability to care for her baby.
- Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2014
Prostaglandins have been used for induction of labour since the 1960s. This is one of a series of reviews evaluating methods of induction of labour. This review focuses on prostaglandins given per vaginam, evaluating these in comparison with placebo (or e
- Vagus nerve stimulation for partial seizures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Apr-2015
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulatory treatment that is used as an adjunctive therapy for treating people with medically refractory epilepsy. VNS consists of chronic intermittent electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, delivered by a progr
- Valacyclovir versus acyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in immunocompetent patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2016
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus affects the eye and vision, and is caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in the distribution of the first division of the trigeminal nerve. An aggressive management of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus with sys
- Valerian for anxiety disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Anxiety disorders are very common mental health problems in the general population and in primary care settings. Herbal medicines are popular and used worldwide and might be considered as a treatment option for anxiety if shown to be effective and safe.
- Validation therapy for dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2003
Validation therapy was developed by Naomi Feil between 1963 and 1980 for older people with cognitive impairments. Initially, this did not include those with organically-based dementia, but the approach has subsequently been applied in work with people who
- Valproate (valproic acid or sodium valproate or a combination of the two) for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jun-2013
Some antiepileptic drugs but not others are useful in clinical practice for the prophylaxis of migraine. This might be explained by the variety of actions of these drugs in the central nervous system. The present review is part of an update of a Cochrane
- Valproate for acute mania
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2019
Bipolar disorder is a severe and common mental disorder where patients experience recurrent symptoms of elevated or irritable mood, depression, or a combination of both. Treatment is usually with psychiatric medication, including mood stabilisers, antidep
