Showing 8541-8560 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Universal neonatal hearing screening versus selective screening as part of the management of childhood deafness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2009
The principal factors that decide how deafness affects a child's development are the degree of hearing impairment and the age at which it is diagnosed. A number of factors are thought to increase the risk of hearing impairment: low birth weight, prematuri
- Universal school‐based prevention for illicit drug use
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2014
Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease. Primary interventions should aim to reduce first use or to prevent the transition from experimental use to addiction. School is the appropriate setting for preventive interventions.
- Universal school-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Apr-2011
Alcohol misuse in young people is cause of concern for health services, policy makers, prevention workers, criminal justice system, youth workers, teachers, parents. This is one of three reviews examining the effectiveness of (1) school-based, (2) family-
- Universal screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: a rapid review
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2020
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild disease with unspecific symptoms, but about 5% become critically ill w
- Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2022
The failure of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) to mature is a major problem in patients with kidney failure who require haemodialysis (HD). Preoperative planning is an important factor in increasing functional AVF. Upper limb exercise has been recommended to
- Upper limb exercise training for COPD
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Nov-2016
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often experience difficulty with performing upper limb exercise due to dyspnoea and arm fatigue. Consequently, upper limb exercise training is typically incorporated in pulmonary rehabilitation prog
- Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Mar-2017
Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a serious complication of malignancies and can result in renal failure or death. Previous reviews did not find clear evidence of benefit of urate oxidase in children with cancer. This review is the second update of a previou
- Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2019
Ureteroscopy combined with laser stone fragmentation and basketing is a common approach for managing renal and ureteral stones. This procedure is associated with some degree of ureteral trauma. Ureteral trauma may lead to swelling, ureteral obstruction, a
- Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2015
Indwelling urethral catheters are often used for bladder drainage in hospital. Urinary tract infection is the most common hospital-acquired infection, and a common complication of urinary catheterisation. Pain, ease of use and quality of life are importan
- Urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jul-2017
Urinary incontinence imposes a significant health and economic burden to society. Periurethral or transurethral injection of bulking agents is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used as one the surgical treatments of stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
- Urgent‐start peritoneal dialysis versus conventional‐start peritoneal dialysis for people with chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Dec-2020
Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD), defined as initiation of PD within two weeks of catheter insertion, has been emerging as an alternative mode of dialysis initiation for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring urgent dialysis without est
- Urgent‐start peritoneal dialysis versus haemodialysis for people with chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jan-2021
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who require urgent initiation of dialysis but without having a permanent dialysis access have traditionally commenced haemodialysis (HD) using a central venous catheter (CVC). However, several studies have report
- Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2017
Non-randomised data have shown a link between hyperuricaemia and the progression or development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). If this is correct, urate lowering therapy might form an important part of chronic kidney disease care, reducing risks for car
- Uricosuric medications for chronic gout
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2014
Uricosuric agents have long been used in the treatment of gout but there is little evidence regarding their benefit and safety in this condition.
- Urinary alkalinisation for acute chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Acute poisoning with chlorophenoxy herbicides (such as 2,4-D, MCPA, 2,4,5-T and mecoprop) is reported worldwide, potentially causing severe toxicity and death in exposed patients. Animal studies support the application of urinary alkalinisation (particula
- Urinary alkalisation for symptomatic uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2016
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in women, characterised by dysuria and urinary frequency. Urinary alkalisers are widely used in some countries for the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated UTI, and they
- Urinary biomarkers for the non‐invasive diagnosis of endometriosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Dec-2015
About 10% of reproductive-aged women suffer from endometriosis which is a costly chronic disease that causes pelvic pain and subfertility. Laparoscopy is the 'gold standard' diagnostic test for endometriosis, but it is expensive and carries surgical risks
- Urinary catheter policies for long‐term bladder drainage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2012
People requiring long-term bladder draining commonly experience catheter-associated urinary tract infection and other problems.
- Urinary diversion and bladder reconstruction/replacement using intestinal segments for intractable incontinence or following cystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Surgery performed to improve or replace the function of the diseased urinary bladder has been carried out for over a century. Main reasons for improving or replacing the function of the urinary bladder are bladder cancer, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, d
- Urine tests for Down's syndrome screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2015
Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21, or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome, rather than two. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental disability and also leads to numerous meta
