Showing 841-860 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2018
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the most commonly used physical therapy treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). It is sometimes also recommended for mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and, less commonly, urgency urinary incontinen
- Pemetrexed disodium in combination with cisplatin versus other cytotoxic agents or supportive care for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2012
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive malignancy whose incidence is expected to increase in the United Kingdom, Western Europe, and Australia over the next 20 years as a result of occupational exposure to asbestos fibres. Surgery is
- Percutaneous pinning for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Feb-2020
Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem. A key method of surgical fixation is percutaneous pinning, involving the insertion of wires through the skin to stabilise the fracture. This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 2007.
- Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for vertebral artery stenosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Surgery for vertebral artery stenosis is technically difficult, potentially hazardous and is not considered in most centres. There is growing evidence from case series that vertebral artery stenosis may be treated endovascularly by percutaneous translumin
- Percutaneous transluminal rotational atherectomy for coronary artery disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
This is an update of the review on 'Percutaneous transluminal rotational atherectomy for coronary artery disease' first published in The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2003. Percutaneous transluminal coronary rotational atherectomy (PTCRA) debulks atherosclero
- Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2018
Risky consumption of alcohol is a global problem. More than 3.3 million deaths annually are associated with risky use of alcohol, and global alcohol consumption continues to increase. People who have high alcohol consumption often require planned and emer
- Perioperative blood transfusions and recurrence of colorectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2011
The improvement of renal allograft survival by pre-transplantation transfusions alerted to the potential detrimental effect of transfusions in cancer treatment.
- Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2016
Proximal femoral fracture (PFF) is a common orthopaedic emergency that affects mainly elderly people at high risk of complications. Advanced methods for managing fluid therapy during treatment for PFF are available, but their role in reducing risk is uncl
- Perioperative ketamine for acute postoperative pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2015
Postoperative pain management is often limited by adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting. Adjuvant treatment with an inexpensive opioid-sparing drug such as ketamine may be of value in giving better analgesia with fewer adverse effects.
- Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following tonsillectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Oct-1999
Pain relief after tonsillectomy is an important part of post-operative management. Sometimes local anaesthetics are administed to the tonsillar region, but their effectiveness in relieving pain has not been formally assessed.
- Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2020
This review was published originally in 1999 and was updated in 2001, 2002, 2009, 2017, and 2020. Updating was deemed necessary due to the high incidence of hip fractures, the large number of official societies providing recommendations on this condition,
- Personal assistance for adults (19-64) with both physical and intellectual impairments
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
There is a high incidence of impairments among working age adults, and their prevalence is increasing in the West. Many countries offer personal assistance in the form of individualised support for people living in the community by a paid assistant other
- Personal assistance for older adults (65+) without dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
There is a high prevalence of impairments among people 65+, and the elderly population is increasing in the West. Many countries offer personal assistance, individualised support for people living in the community by a paid assistant other than a healthca
- Personalised risk communication for informed decision making about taking screening tests
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2013
There is a trend towards greater patient involvement in healthcare decisions. Although screening is usually perceived as good for the health of the population, there are risks associated with the tests involved. Achieving both adequate involvement of cons
- Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2015
Growing expenditures on prescription medicines represent a major challenge to many health systems. Cap and co-payment policies are intended as an incentive to deter unnecessary or marginal utilisation, and to reduce third-party payer expenditures by shift
- Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2015
The proportion of total healthcare expenditures spent on drugs has continued to grow in countries of all income categories. Policy-makers are under pressure to control pharmaceutical expenditures without adversely affecting quality of care. Financial ince
- Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Oct-2014
Pharmaceuticals are important interventions that could improve people's health. Pharmaceutical pricing and purchasing policies are used as cost-containment measures to determine or affect the prices that are paid for drugs. Internal reference pricing esta
- Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2019
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition caused by direct or indirect injury to the lungs. Despite improvements in clinical management (for example, lung protection strategies), mortality in this patient group is at appro
- Pharmacological interventions for epilepsy in people with intellectual disabilities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2015
The prevalence of epilepsy among people with intellectual disabilities is much higher than in the general population. Seizures in this population are often complex and refractory to treatment and antiepileptic medication may have a profound effect upon be
- Pharmacological interventions for treating acute heterotopic ossification
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Apr-2010
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of mature lamellar bone in soft tissue sites outside the skeleton. HO frequently complicates burns, arthroplasty, fractures, and spinal cord and brain injuries. It can impair joint function.
