Showing 881-900 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease and X-ray defined pneumonia in children less than two years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2009
Pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. The effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia, and mort
- Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2015
Approximately 450,000 children worldwide die of pneumococcal infections each year. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials adds to the difficulty of treatment of diseases and emphasizes the need for a preventive approach. Newborn vaccina
- Pneumococcal vaccine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2014
Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia and other serious illnesses, particularly amongst those with certain high-risk medical conditions such as asthma. Although pneumococcal vaccine is routinely advocated for people wi
- Pneumococcal vaccines for children and adults with bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2014
Bronchiectasis is increasingly recognized as a major cause of respiratory morbidity especially in developing countries. Even in affluent countries, bronchiectasis is increasingly seen in some community subsections (e.g. Aboriginal communities) and occurs
- Pneumococcal vaccines for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jan-2012
People with sickle cell disease are particularly susceptible to pneumococcal infection, which may be fatal. Infants (children aged up to 23 months) are at particularly high risk, but conventional polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines may be ineffective in
- Policy interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2008
Sporting organisations provide an important setting for health promotion strategies that involve policies, communication of healthy messages and creation of health promoting environments. The introduction of policy interventions within sporting organisati
- Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for treating acute rejection episodes in kidney transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Oct-2008
Registry data shows that between 15-35% kidney recipients will undergo treatment for at least one episode of acute rejection within the first post transplant year. Treatment options include pulsed steroid therapy, the use of an antibody preparation, the a
- Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the 1970s and early 1980s showed the polysaccharide serogroup A vaccine (SgAV) prevented serogroup A meningococcal meningitis (SGAMM). Subsequent non-RCTs suggested significant variations in the age-specific duration
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2011
Limited evidence supports a hypothesis suggesting that the symptoms of schizophrenia may be the result of altered neuronal membrane structure and metabolism. The structure and metabolism is dependent on blood plasma levels of certain essential fatty acids
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, characterised by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, and is associated with long-term social, academic and mental health pr
- Pool fencing for preventing drowning of children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jul-2010
In most industrialized countries, drowning ranks second or third behind motor vehicles and fires as a cause of unintentional injury deaths to children under the age of 15. Death rates from drowning are highest in children less than five years old. Pool fe
- Population-based biomedical sexually transmitted infection control interventions for reducing HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2011
The transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is closely related to the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Similar risk behaviours, such as frequent unprotected intercourse with different partners, place people at high
- Population-based interventions for the prevention of fall-related injuries in older people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2008
Fall-related injuries are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older populations. Summary information about countermeasures that successfully address the risk factors for fall-related injuries in research settings has been widely disseminated
- Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2012
Because of the association of prone positioning with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) it is recommended that young infants be placed on their backs (supine). However, the prone position may be a non-invasive way of increasing oxygenation in participant
- Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a progressive condition that has no cure and often requires a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The principal methods for THA are the posterior and direct lateral approaches. The posterior approach is considered to be easy to
- Postoperative radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the treatment of patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer was not clear. A systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis were therefore undertaken to evaluate the available evidence f
- Post-operative therapy for metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) arthroplasty with implants, which is the replacement of painful knuckle joints with artificial knuckle joints, has been performed for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since the 1960s. The surgery is done because RA can cause
- Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2013
Potentially disabling postural headache occurs after dural puncture in 1-70% of patients. It has been suggested that such headaches may be less common if patients routinely have a period of bed rest or receive supplementary fluids after the procedure.
- Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2012
Dentine hypersensitivity may be defined as the pain arising from exposed dentine, typically in response to external stimuli, and which cannot be explained by any other form of dental disease. Many treatment regimens have been recommended over the years, a
- Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2014
Removing dental plaque may play a key role maintaining oral health. There is conflicting evidence for the relative merits of manual and powered toothbrushing in achieving this. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously
