Showing 901-920 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a progressive condition that has no cure and often requires a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The principal methods for THA are the posterior and direct lateral approaches. The posterior approach is considered to be easy to
- Postoperative radiotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2016
The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the treatment of patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was not clear. A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate available ev
- Post‐operative therapy for metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) arthroplasty with implants, which is the replacement of painful knuckle joints with artificial knuckle joints, has been performed for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since the 1960s. The surgery is done because RA can cause
- Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2013
Potentially disabling postural headache occurs after dural puncture in 1-70% of patients. It has been suggested that such headaches may be less common if patients routinely have a period of bed rest or receive supplementary fluids after the procedure.
- Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Dentine hypersensitivity may be defined as the pain arising from exposed dentine, typically in response to external stimuli, and which cannot be explained by any other form of dental disease. Many treatment regimens have been recommended over the years, a
- Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2014
Removing dental plaque may play a key role maintaining oral health. There is conflicting evidence for the relative merits of manual and powered toothbrushing in achieving this. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously
- Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Feb-2013
Prebiotics (commonly oligosaccharides) added to infant feeds have the potential to prevent sensitisation of infants to dietary allergens.
- Pre-discharge "car seat challenge" for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2008
Physiological monitoring studies indicate that some preterm infants experience episodes of oxygen desaturation, apnoea, or bradycardia when seated in standard car safety seats. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all preterm infants should
- Pre-emptive treatment for cytomegalovirus viraemia to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2013
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. Pre-emptive treatment of patients with CMV viraemia using antiviral agents has been suggested as an alternative to routine prophylaxis to prevent
- Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Dec-2015
Crowns for primary molars are preformed and come in a variety of sizes and materials to be placed over decayed or developmentally defective teeth. They can be made completely of stainless steel (know as 'preformed metal crowns' or PMCs), or to give better
- Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2020
In in vitro fertilisation (IVF) with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), selection of the most competent embryo(s) for transfer is based on morphological criteria. However, many women do not achieve a pregnancy even after 'good quality' em
- Premedication for anxiety in adult day surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Since the early 1980s, it has become more and more common to carry out surgical procedures on a day case basis. Many patients are anxious before surgery yet there is sometimes a reluctance to provide sedative medication because it is believed to delay dis
- Pre‐operative autologous donation for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Public concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have prompted reconsideration of the indications for the transfusion of allogeneic red cells (blood from an unrelated donor), and a range of techniques designed to minimise transfusion requirements.
- Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Feb-2015
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after invasive (surgical) procedures. Preoperative bathing or showering with an antiseptic skin wash product is a well-accepted procedure for reducing skin bacteria (microflora). It is less c
- Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2020
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the commonest severe monogenic disorders in the world, due to the inheritance of two abnormal haemoglobin (beta globin) genes. SCD can cause severe pain, significant end-organ damage, pulmonary complications, and premat
- Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-May-2015
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for patients with localized esophageal cancer. Several studies have investigated whether preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery leads to improvement in cure rates, but individual reports have provided confli
- Preoperative chemotherapy for women with operable breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Currently, preoperative chemotherapy is the standard of care in locally advanced breast cancer to achieve local tumour downsizing in order to make surgery possible. Since the early 1980s, the role of preoperative chemotherapy in early stage (or operable)
- Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2014
Hip or knee replacement is a major surgical procedure that can be physically and psychologically stressful for patients. It is hypothesised that education before surgery reduces anxiety and enhances clinically important postoperative outcomes.
- Pre-operative endometrial thinning agents before endometrial destruction for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jul-2014
Menorrhagia is one of the most common reasons for pre-menopausal women to be referred to a gynaecologist. Although medical therapy is generally the first approach, many women will eventually require or request a hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is associated wi
- Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
Fasting before general anaesthesia aims to reduce the volume and acidity of stomach contents during surgery, thus reducing the risk of regurgitation/aspiration. Recent guidelines have recommended a shift in fasting policy from the standard 'nil by mouth f
