Showing 921-940 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Pre-operative traction for hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2011
Following a hip fracture, traction may be applied to the injured limb before surgery. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 1997, and previously updated in 2006.
- Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2009
Endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in neonatal intensive care. However, this practice is associated with serious complications including lobar collapse, pneumothorax, bradycardia and hypoxaemia. Increasing the
- Prescription of prosthetic ankle-foot mechanisms after lower limb amputation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
A prosthesis can be divided into several components: the prosthetic socket; the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism; and for higher levels of amputation, the prosthetic knee. This review focuses on the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism, which forms an important
- Pressure modification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2009
Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) is considered to be the cornerstone of therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, compliance with this treatment is frequently poor, which may lead to ongoing symptoms of sleep disruption, daytime slee
- Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
Healthcare workers can suffer from occupational stress as a result of lack of skills, organisational factors, and low social support at work. This may lead to distress, burnout and psychosomatic problems, and deterioration in quality of life and service p
- Prevention of infection in arterial reconstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2010
Arterial reconstructions with prosthetic graft materials or vein are susceptible to infection with a resultant high patient mortality and risk of limb loss. To reduce the risk of infection effective perioperative measures are essential.
- Primary care based clinics for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Mar-2012
Asthma is defined as the presence of variable airflow obstruction with symptoms (more than one of wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness, cough). It is becoming increasingly common worldwide and this is especially true in higher income countries. In seve
- Primary groin irradiation versus primary groin surgery for early vulvar cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
Despite changes in technique, morbidity after surgery for vulvar cancer is high and mainly related to the groin dissection. Primary radiotherapy to the groin is expected to result in lower morbidity. However, studies on the efficacy of primary radiotherap
- Primary stenting versus primary balloon angioplasty for treating acute myocardial infarction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2012
Balloon angioplasty following myocardial infarction (MI) reduces death, non-fatal MI and stroke compared to thrombolytic reperfusion. However up to 50% of patients experience restenosis and 3% to 5% recurrent myocardial infarction. Therefore, primary sten
- Print-based self-help interventions for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-May-2014
Many smokers give up smoking on their own, but materials giving advice and information may help them and increase the number who quit successfully.
- Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Dec-2015
Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in children. They alter the microbial balance within the gastrointestinal tract, commonly resulting in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via restoration of the gut microflora.
- Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
The composition of the intestinal microflora may be different in individuals with atopic eczema from those without this condition, and such differences may precede the development of eczema. Probiotics are live bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal
- Problem solving skills for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-May-2012
The severe and long-lasting symptoms of schizophrenia are often the cause of severe disability. Environmental stress such as life events and the practical problems people face in their daily can worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia. Deficits in problem so
- Progesterone or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Apr-2015
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is an important cause of ill health in women and it accounts for 12% of all gynaecology referrals in the UK. Heavy menstrual bleeding is clinically defined as greater than or equal to 80 mL of blood loss per menstrual cycle.
- Progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems versus other forms of reversible contraceptives for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jan-2010
Hormonally impregnated intrauterine systems (IUSs) add a progestogen to a non-medicated contraceptive device to improve contraceptive action.
- Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2009
Muscle weakness in old age is associated with physical function decline. Progressive resistance strength training (PRT) exercises are designed to increase strength.
- Progressive resistive exercise interventions for adults living with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Due to medical advancements, many people living with HIV infection in developed countries are living longer (Palella 1998). HIV infection can now present as a chronic illness with an uncertain natural disease history. The changing course of HIV infection
- Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2009
Prolotherapy involves repeated injections of irritant solutions to strengthen lumbosacral ligaments and reduce some types of chronic low-back pain; spinal manipulation and exercises are often used to enhance its effectiveness.
- Prompts to encourage appointment attendance for people with serious mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jun-2012
Prompts to encourage attendance at clinics are often used in day-to-day practice by diligent carers of people with mental health problems. These may take the form of telephone prompting, financial incentives or issuing a copy of the referral letter to the
- Prophylactic anastomotic drainage for colorectal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
There is little agreement on prophylactic use of drains in anastomoses in elective colorectal surgery despite many randomized clinical trials. Results of these trials are contradictory, quality and statistical power of these individual studies have been q
