Showing 961-980 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2010
Routine use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal operations is intended to hasten the return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay.
- Prophylactic platelet transfusion for prevention of bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2012
Platelet transfusions are used in modern clinical practice to prevent and treat bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients with bone marrow failure. Although considerable advances have been made in platelet transfusion therapy in the last 40 years, some areas
- Prophylactic systemic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with central venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2010
The use of central venous catheters is recognised as a risk factor for nosocomial infection. Prophylactic antibiotics may be effective in preventing catheter-related blood stream infection in newborns but may also have the undesirable effect of promoting
- Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non‐HIV immunocompromised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2014
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a disease affecting immunocompromised patients. PCP among these patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
- Propofol versus thiopental sodium for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Feb-2017
This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue 6, 2015).
- Prosthetic rehabilitation for older dysvascular people following a unilateral transfemoral amputation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2018
Dysvascularity accounts for 75% of all lower limb amputations in the UK. Around 37% of these procedures are done at the transfemoral level (mid-thigh), with most patients over the age of 60 and having existing comorbidities. A significant number of these
- Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
Evidence for the effectiveness of nutritional supplements containing protein and energy, often prescribed for older people, is limited. Malnutrition is more common in this age group and deterioration of nutritional status can occur during illness. It is i
- Protein containing synthetic surfactant versus animal derived surfactant extract for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. RDS is caused by a deficiency, dysfunction, or inactivation of pulmonary surfactant. Numerous surfactants of either animal extract or synthetic desig
- Protein restriction for children with chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Protein restriction has been prescribed for some time for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The effect of a low protein diet on delaying the progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children and its impact on growth and nutrition remain
- Protein restriction for diabetic renal disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Diabetic renal disease (diabetic nephropathy) is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Once the process has started, it cannot be reversed by glycaemic control, but progression might be slowed by control of blood pressure and protein restriction.
- Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2020
Preterm infants require high protein intake to achieve adequate growth and development. Although breast milk feeding has many benefits for this population, the protein content is highly variable, and inadequate to support rapid infant growth. This is a 20
- Provision of a surgeon's performance data for people considering elective surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2015
A consumer model of health supports that people undergoing elective surgery should be informed about the past operative performance of their surgeon before making two important decisions: 1. to consent to the proposed surgery, and 2. to have a particular
- Psychoeducation for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2011
Schizophrenia can be a severe and chronic illness characterised by lack of insight and poor compliance with treatment. Psychoeducational approaches have been developed to increase patients' knowledge of, and insight into, their illness and its treatment.
- Psychological and educational interventions for atopic eczema in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2014
Psychological and educational interventions have been used as an adjunct to conventional therapy for children with atopic eczema to enhance the effectiveness of topical therapy. This is an update of the original Cochrane review.
- Psychological interventions for adults with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2006
Many people have asthma, and for some their symptoms may be triggered by psychological factors. In addition, compliance with medical therapy may have a psychological dimension. Therefore, psychological interventions aim to reduce the burden of symptoms an
- Psychological interventions for children with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Asthma is a chronic disease of inflammation and smooth muscle dysfunction, including bronchoconstriction. These symptoms are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatmen
- Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Apr-2017
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death globally, although mortality rates are falling. Psychological symptoms are prevalent for people with CHD, and many psychological treatments are offered following cardiac events or procedures w
- Psychological interventions for depression in adolescent and adult congenital heart disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2013
Adult and adolescent congenital heart disease is increasing in prevalence as better medical care means more children are surviving to adulthood. People with chronic disease often also experience depression. There are several non-pharmacological treatments
- Psychological interventions for individuals with cystic fibrosis and their families
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jun-2014
With increasing survival estimates for individuals with cystic fibrosis, long-term management has become an important focus. Psychological interventions are largely concerned with adherence to treatment, emotional and social adaptation and health-related
- Psychological interventions for multiple sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2006
The unpredictable, variable nature of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and the possibility of increasing disability, means that a diagnosis can have substantial psychological consequences.
