Showing 81-100 of 374 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Oncology 
- Combined use of hyperthermia and radiation therapy for treating locally advanced cervix carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2015
Hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures to damage and kill cancer cells. It was introduced into clinical oncology practice several decades ago. Positive clinical results, mostly obtained in single in
- Comparative efficacy of epidural, subarachnoid, and intracerebroventricular opioids in patients with pain due to cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2015
Since the 1970s, when endogenous opioids and opioid receptors were first isolated in the central nervous system, attempts have been made to optimize opioid therapy by delivering the medication centrally rather than systemically. Although the vast majority
- Concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
The National Cancer Institute (USA) alert in February 1999 stated that concomitant chemoradiotherapy should be considered for all patients with cervical cancer, based on evidence from five randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
- Concomitant hydroxyurea plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
A number of randomised studies suggest hydroxyurea given alongside radiotherapy improves survival in patients with locally advanced cervix cancer. Following publication of five large randomised trials in 1999 and 2000 concomitant chemoradiotherapy has bec
- Concomitant hyperthermia and radiation therapy for treating locally advanced rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2009
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for patients with rectal cancer. For locally advanced cancer results were poor, with high rates of locoregional recurrences and poor overall survival data. Adding (chemo)radiotherapy upfront improved results mainly
- Concurrent chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2010
This is an updated version of the original review published in Issue 4, 2004. The use of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) might be seen as a way of increasing the effectiveness of radical radiotherapy at the s
- Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2015
Urinary incontinence is common after radical prostatectomy and can also occur in some circumstances after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Conservative management includes pelvic floor muscle training with or without biofeedback, electrical
- Contracts between patients and healthcare practitioners for improving patients' adherence to treatment, prevention and health promotion activities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2009
Contracts are a verbal or written agreement that a patient makes with themselves, with healthcare practitioners, or with carers, where participants commit to a set of behaviours related to the care of a patient. Contracts aim to improve the patients' adhe
- Corticosteroid regimens for treatment of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD) after allogenic stem cell transplantation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2009
Corticosteroids are commonly used in treatment of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Nevertheless, there has been no systematic analysis of effects of their use on the patients' survival and quality of life.
- Corticosteroids for the resolution of malignant bowel obstruction in advanced gynaecological and gastrointestinal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Mar-2015
This is an update of the review published in Issue 3, 1999. Gastrointestinal and ovarian cancers are common cancers. The incidence of associated malignant bowel obstruction in patients with advanced cancers of these types is not known, and the best manage
- Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in adults with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
The prevention and early treatment of infections are the mainstay of the medical management of the majority of people with HIV infection, who live in low income countries without access to antiretroviral drugs. Cotrimoxazole is cheap and effective against
- Cranial irradiation for preventing brain metastases of small cell lung cancer in patients in complete remission
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Prophylactic cranial irradiation halves the rate of brain metastases in patients with small cell lung cancer. Individual randomized trials conducted on patients in complete remission were unable to clarify whether this treatment improves survival.
- Cryotherapy for localised prostate cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2012
Prostate cancer is a common cancer in elderly men and in some will prove fatal. Standard treatments for localised disease include surgery ( radical prostatectomy), radiotherapy and active monitoring. New emerging therapies are being evaluated with the aim
- Curative surgery for obstruction from primary left colorectal carcinoma: Primary or staged resection?
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Apr-2015
In 8 to 29% of patients with colorectal carcinoma, obstruction is the main symptom at diagnosis, and 85% of patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery have obstruction from colorectal carcinoma. The prognosis of patients who undergo emergency surger
- Cyclophosphamide for multiple sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2008
Multiple sclerosis is a presumed cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Cyclophosphamide (CFX) is a cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agent, used in systemic autoimmune diseases. Controversial results have been reported on its effic
- Cyclophosphamide versus ifosfamide for paediatric and young adult bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Sep-2015
Alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, play a major role in the improved survival of children and young adults with bone and soft tissue sarcoma. However, there is still controversy as to their comparative anti-tumour efficacy and pos
- Cytoreductive surgery plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
Most women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer will ultimately develop recurrent disease after completion of initial treatment with primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Secondary cytoreductive surgery may have survival benefits in selected patie
- Dance/movement therapy for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2015
Current cancer care increasingly incorporates psychosocial interventions. Cancer patients use dance/movement therapy to learn to accept and reconnect with their bodies, build new self-confidence, enhance self-expression, address feelings of isolation, dep
- Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jul-2010
Several dietary factors have been considered to be involved in the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in industrialised countries. Experimental and epidemiological evidence has been suggestive but not conclusive for a protective role for high dieta
- Dietary fibre for the prevention of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2008
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Experimental evidence has supported the hypothesis that dietary fibre may be protective for the development of CRC, although epidemiologic data have been inco
