Showing 81-99 of 99 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Congenital problems 
- Second trimester serum tests for Down's Syndrome screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21 - or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome - rather than two. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental retardation. Noninvasive screening based
- Secondary bone grafting for alveolar cleft in children with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2011
Secondary alveolar bone grafting has been widely used to reconstruct alveolar cleft. However, there is still some controversy.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2013
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterised by abnormalities in social interaction and communication skills, as well as stereotypic behaviours and restricted activities and interests. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed fo
- Speech and language therapy to improve the communication skills of children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2004
The production of speech, language and gesture for communication is often affected by cerebral palsy. Communication difficulties associated with cerebral palsy can be multifactorial, arising from motor, intellectual and sensory impairments. Children with
- Subjective barriers to prevent wandering of cognitively impaired people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
People with dementia often wander, at times putting themselves at risk and presenting challenges to carers and institutional staff. Traditional interventions to prevent wandering include restraint, drugs and locked doors. Cognitively impaired people may r
- Superoxide dismutase for preventing chronic lung disease in mechanically ventilated preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Free oxygen radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Superoxide dismutase is a naturally occurring enzyme which provides a defence against such oxidant injury. Exogenously administered superoxide dismut
- Surgery for congenital choanal atresia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Dec-2011
Congenital choanal atresia is a rare abnormality characterized by unilateral or bilateral lack of patency of the posterior end of the nasal cavity. With an incidence of 1:5000 to 1:8000 births, it is twice as prevalent in females as it is in males. Surgic
- Surgical treatment for the thumb‐in‐palm deformity in patients with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Thumb-in-palm deformity in patients with spastic cerebral palsy is a deformity that impairs the ability to use the thumb and thus severely limits hand function. From the variety of operative procedures that have been described, it may be clear that there
- Surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with significant left to right shunt increases morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Early closure of the ductus arteriosus may be achieved pharmacologically or by surgery. The preferred initial treatment of a sympto
- Synthetic surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-1998
This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue.
- Thyroid hormone supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2008
Paediatric studies have demonstrated that cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a decline in thyroid hormone levels. Adult patients who undergo open heart surgery and receive triiodothyronine supplementation have demonstrated a dose-dependent increase
- Thyroid hormones for preventing neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Observational studies have shown an association between transiently low thyroid hormone levels in preterm infants in the first weeks of life (transient hypothyroxinemia) and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome. Thyroid hormone therapy might prevent this m
- Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Mar-2021
Inhalation of the enzyme dornase alfa reduces sputum viscosity and improves clinical outcomes of people with cystic fibrosis. This is an update of a previously published Cochrane Review.
- Treadmill interventions in children under six years of age at risk of neuromotor delay
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jul-2017
Delayed motor development may occur in children with Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, general developmental delay or children born preterm. It limits the child's exploration of the environment and can hinder cognitive and social-emotional development. Liter
- Treatment for mitochondrial disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders are the most prevalent group of inherited neurometabolic diseases. They present with central and peripheral neurological features usually in association with other organ involvement including the eye, the heart, t
- Vagus nerve stimulation for partial seizures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Apr-2015
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulatory treatment that is used as an adjunctive therapy for treating people with medically refractory epilepsy. VNS consists of chronic intermittent electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, delivered by a progr
- Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2020
Malabsorption and deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins K may occur in cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs. Vitamin K is known to play an important role in both blood coagulation and bone formation, hence the role of supplementation
- Ward reduction without general anaesthesia versus reduction and repair under general anaesthesia for gastroschisis in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2010
Gastroschisis is a congenital anterior abdominal wall defect with the abdominal contents protruding through the defect. Reduction of the abdominal contents is required within hours after birth as the infant is at risk not only of water and heat loss from
- Zonisamide add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2020
The majority of people with epilepsy have a good prognosis, and their seizures can be well controlled with the use of a single antiepileptic agent, but up to 30% develop dug-resistant epilepsy, especially those with focal seizures. In this review, we summ
