Showing 81-100 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non-neutropenic critically ill patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2016
Invasive fungal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. Early institution of antifungal therapy is pivotal for mortality reduction. Starting a targeted antifungal therapy after culture positivity and fungi
- Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients.
- Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is used as substitutive treatment of renal function in a large proportion (15-50%) of the end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) population. The major limitation is peritonitis which leads to technique failure, hospitalisation and increa
- Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jul-2022
The main complications of elevated systemic blood pressure (BP), coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are related to thrombosis rather than haemorrhage. Therefore, it is important to investigate if antithrombotic ther
- Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Feb-2015
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may cause occlusions (blockages) in the main arteries of lower limbs. One treatment option is bypass surgery using autologous (the patient's own tissue) vein graft or prosthetic (artificial) graft. A number of factors inf
- Antiplatelet agents versus control or anticoagulation for heart failure in sinus rhythm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2012
Morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure is high and it predisposes them to stroke and thromboembolism, which in turn contribute to high mortality from heart failure.
- Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jul-2012
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is frequently treated by balloon angioplasty. Restenosis/reocclusion of the dilated segments occurs often, depending on length of occlusion, lower leg outflow, stage of disease and presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
- Antiplatelet and anticoagulation for patients with prosthetic heart valves
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jul-2013
Patients with prosthetic heart valves are at increased risk for valve thrombosis and arterial thromboembolism. Oral anticoagulation alone, or the addition of antiplatelet drugs, has been used to minimise this risk. An important issue is the effectiveness
- Antipsychotic drug treatment for elderly people with late-onset schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jan-2013
Schizophrenia is usually considered an illness of young adulthood. However, onset after the age of 40 years is reported in 23% of patients hospitalised with schizophrenia. At least 0.1% of the world's elderly population have a diagnosis of late-onset schi
- Antipsychotic medication for challenging behaviour in people with learning disability
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
The term 'challenging behaviour', in the absence of psychiatric disorder, encompasses a wide range of behaviours that may be harmful to people or property, may be difficult to manage and may limit access to community facilities. Antipsychotic medications
- Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2012
Populations such as healthcare workers (HCWs), injection drug users (IDUs), and people engaging in unprotected sex are all at risk of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Animal models show that after initial exposure, HIV replicate
- Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jan-2013
The risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in solid organ transplant recipients has resulted in the frequent use of prophylaxis with the aim of preventing the clinical syndrome associated with CMV infection. This is an update of a review first published
- Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Feb-2016
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by joint pain, tenderness, and limitation of movement. At present, no cure is available. Thus only treatment of the person's symptoms and treatment to prevent further development of the disease are possibl
- Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2010
Decreased concentration of nitric oxide is proposed as one of the possible cellular mechanisms for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Arginine can act as a substrate for the production of nitric oxide in the tissues and arginine supplementation may help in
- Aromatherapy for dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2014
Complementary therapy has received great interest within the field of dementia treatment and the use of aromatherapy and essential oils is increasing. In a growing population where the majority of patients are treated by US Food and Drug Administration (F
- Art therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2008
Many people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses continue to experience symptoms in spite of medication. In addition to medication, creative therapies, such as art therapy, may be helpful. Art therapy allows exploration of the patient's inne
- Arthroplasties (with and without bone cement) for proximal femoral fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2010
Numerous types of arthroplasties may be used in the surgical treatment of a hip fracture (proximal femoral fracture). The main differences between the implants are in the design of the stems, whether the stem is cemented or uncemented, whether a second ar
- Artificial and bioartificial support systems for liver failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Oct-2008
Artificial and bioartificial liver support systems may 'bridge' patients with acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure to liver transplantation or recovery.
- Aspirin and/or heparin for women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage with or without inherited thrombophilia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2014
Since hypercoagulability might result in recurrent miscarriage, anticoagulant agents could potentially increase the chance of live birth in subsequent pregnancies in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage, with or without inherited thrombophilia.
- Audio recordings of consultations with doctors for parents of critically sick babies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
Family centred care is an important part of neonatal intensive care. Ensuring effective communication in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a challenge but is crucial to the implementation of family centred care. Providing parents in NICU with aud
