Showing 81-100 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Anti‐fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2011
Concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have led to the development of a range of interventions to minimise blood loss during major surgery. Anti-fibrinolytic drugs are widely used, particularly in cardiac surgery, and previous reviews have foun
- Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non‐neutropenic critically ill patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2016
Invasive fungal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. Early institution of antifungal therapy is pivotal for mortality reduction. Starting a targeted antifungal therapy after culture positivity and fungi
- Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients.
- Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2017
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease and is used in more than 200,000 such patients globally. However, its value is often limited by the development of infections such as peritonitis and exit-site and
- Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2011
Elevated systemic blood pressure results in high intravascular pressure but the main complications, coronary heart disease (CHD), ischaemic strokes and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), are related to thrombosis rather than haemorrhage. Some complication
- Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Feb-2015
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may cause occlusions (blockages) in the main arteries of lower limbs. One treatment option is bypass surgery using autologous (the patient's own tissue) vein graft or prosthetic (artificial) graft. A number of factors inf
- Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2012
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is frequently treated by balloon angioplasty. Restenosis/reocclusion of the dilated segments occurs often, depending on length of occlusion, lower leg outflow, stage of disease and presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
- Antiplatelet and anticoagulation for patients with prosthetic heart valves
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jul-2013
Patients with prosthetic heart valves are at increased risk for valve thrombosis and arterial thromboembolism. Oral anticoagulation alone, or the addition of antiplatelet drugs, has been used to minimise this risk. An important issue is the effectiveness
- Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2016
Morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure is high, and this predisposes them to thrombotic complications, including stroke and thromboembolism, which in turn contribute to high mortality. Oral anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin) and antiplatelet agents
- Antipsychotic drug treatment for elderly people with late‐onset schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Schizophrenia is usually considered an illness of young adulthood. However, onset after the age of 40 years is reported in 23% of patients hospitalised with schizophrenia. At least 0.1% of the world's elderly population have a diagnosis of late-onset schi
- Antipsychotic medication for challenging behaviour in people with learning disability
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
The term 'challenging behaviour', in the absence of psychiatric disorder, encompasses a wide range of behaviours that may be harmful to people or property, may be difficult to manage and may limit access to community facilities. Antipsychotic medications
- Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2012
Populations such as healthcare workers (HCWs), injection drug users (IDUs), and people engaging in unprotected sex are all at risk of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Animal models show that after initial exposure, HIV replicate
- Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jan-2013
The risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in solid organ transplant recipients has resulted in the frequent use of prophylaxis with the aim of preventing the clinical syndrome associated with CMV infection. This is an update of a review first published
- Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2016
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by joint pain, tenderness, and limitation of movement. At present, no cure is available. Thus only treatment of the person's symptoms and treatment to prevent further development of the disease are possibl
- Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Apr-2017
Decreased concentration of nitric oxide has been proposed as one of the possible cellular mechanisms of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Arginine can act as a substrate for production of nitric oxide in the tissues, and arginine supplementation may help t
- Aromatherapy for dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Aug-2020
Medications licensed for the treatment of dementia have limited efficacy against cognitive impairment or against the distressed behaviours (behavioural and psychological symptoms, or behaviour that challenges) which are also often the most distressing asp
- Art therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2008
Many people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses continue to experience symptoms in spite of medication. In addition to medication, creative therapies, such as art therapy, may be helpful. Art therapy allows exploration of the patient's inne
- Arthroplasties (with and without bone cement) for proximal femoral fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2010
Numerous types of arthroplasties may be used in the surgical treatment of a hip fracture (proximal femoral fracture). The main differences between the implants are in the design of the stems, whether the stem is cemented or uncemented, whether a second ar
- Artificial and bioartificial support systems for liver failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
Artificial and bioartificial liver support systems may 'bridge' patients with acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure to liver transplantation or recovery.
- Aspirin and/or heparin for women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage with or without inherited thrombophilia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jul-2014
Since hypercoagulability might result in recurrent miscarriage, anticoagulant agents could potentially increase the chance of live birth in subsequent pregnancies in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage, with or without inherited thrombophilia.
