Showing 81-100 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Early compared with delayed oral fluids and food after caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
It is customary for fluids and/or food to be withheld for a period of time after abdominal operations. After caesarean section, practices vary considerably. These discrepancies raise concern as to the bases of different practices.
- Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of hospital stay and postoperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2019
This is an update of the review last published in 2011. It focuses on early postoperative enteral nutrition after lower gastrointestinal surgery. Traditional management consisted of 'nil by mouth', where patients receive fluids followed by solids after bo
- Early routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography strategy versus early conservative management strategy in acute gallstone pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2012
The role and timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in acute gallstone pancreatitis remains controversial. A number of clinical trials and meta-analyses have provided conflicting evidence.
- Early trophic feeding versus enteral fasting for very preterm or very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
The introduction of enteral feeds for very preterm (< 32 weeks) or very low birth weight (< 1500 grams) infants is often delayed due to concern that early introduction may not be tolerated and may increase the risk of necrotising enterocolitis. However, p
- Early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2008
A burn injury increases the body's metabolic demands, and therefore nutritional requirements. Provision of an adequate supply of nutrients is believed to lower the incidence of metabolic abnormalities, thus reducing septic morbidity, improving survival ra
- Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in breast milk. Evidence exists that taurine has important roles in intestinal fat absorption, hepatic function, and auditory and visual development in preterm or low birth weight infants. Observational data su
- Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2017
Prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia is an important public health goal. Epidemiological evidence shows a relationship between cognitive impairment and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The risk of dementia increases with duration of disease. This upda
- Elective versus symptomatic intravenous antibiotic therapy for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the commonest micro-organism associated with respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis. Retrospective studies have suggested that using an aggressive policy of intravenous anti-pseudomonal antibiotics at regular intervals, irres
- Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Hyperkalaemia occurs in outpatients and in between 1% and 10% of hospitalised patients. When severe, consequences include arrhythmia and death.
- Endoscopic or surgical intervention for painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Mar-2015
Endoscopy and surgery are the treatment modalities of choice for patients with chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic duct (obstructive chronic pancreatitis). Physicians face, without clear consensus, the choice between endoscopy or surgery for this
- Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2018
Prevention of relapse is a major issue in the management of quiescent Crohn's disease (CD). Current therapies (e.g. methotrexate, biologics, 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine) may be effective for maintaining remission in CD, but these drugs may cause sig
- Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2018
Corticosteroids are often preferred over enteral nutrition (EN) as induction therapy for Crohn's disease (CD). Prior meta-analyses suggest that corticosteroids are superior to EN for induction of remission in CD. Treatment failures in EN trials are often
- Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2011
Enteral feeding (tube feeding) is offered to many people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease experiencing difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and maintaining adequate nutritional intake leading to weight loss.
- Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2019
Enteral tube feeding is routinely used in many cystic fibrosis centres when oral dietary and supplement intake has failed to achieve an adequate nutritional status. The use of this method of feeding is assessed on an individual basis taking into considera
- Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Acute pancreatitis creates a catabolic stress state promoting a systemic inflammatory response and nutritional deterioration. Adequate supply of nutrients plays an important role in recovery. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been standard practice for
- Exercise for diabetic pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Diabetes in pregnancy may result in unfavourable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Exercise was proposed as an additional strategy to improve glycaemic control. The effect of exercise during pregnancies complicated by diabetes needs to be assessed.
- Exercise for overweight or obesity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Clinical trials have shown that exercise in adults with overweight or obesity can reduce bodyweight. There has been no quantitative systematic review of this in The Cochrane Library.
- Exercise for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2009
Exercise is generally recommended for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, some studies evaluate an exercise intervention including diet or behaviour modification or both, and the effects of diet and exercise are not differentiated. Some exercis
- Family therapy approaches for anorexia nervosa
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2019
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by a failure to maintain a normal body weight due to a paucity of nutrition, an intense fear of gaining weight or behaviour that prevents the individual from gaining weight, or both. The long-term prognosis is often
- Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Dec-2015
Hypoxaemia during labour can alter the shape of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform, notably the relation of the PR to RR intervals, and elevation or depression of the ST segment. Technical systems have therefore been developed to monitor the fetal
