Showing 81-100 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Early trophic feeding versus enteral fasting for very preterm or very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
The introduction of enteral feeds for very preterm (< 32 weeks) or very low birth weight (< 1500 grams) infants is often delayed due to concern that early introduction may not be tolerated and may increase the risk of necrotising enterocolitis. However, p
- Early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2008
A burn injury increases the body's metabolic demands, and therefore nutritional requirements. Provision of an adequate supply of nutrients is believed to lower the incidence of metabolic abnormalities, thus reducing septic morbidity, improving survival ra
- Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in breast milk. Evidence exists that taurine has important roles in intestinal fat absorption, hepatic function, and auditory and visual development in preterm or low birth weight infants. Observational data su
- Effect of the treatment of Type II diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Oct-2008
There is increasing interest in preventing cognitive impairment and dementia in later life. Epidemiological evidence shows a relationship between cognitive impairment and Type II diabetes. This association is stronger in patients who have been diagnosed f
- Elective versus symptomatic intravenous antibiotic therapy for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2015
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the commonest micro-organism associated with respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis. Retrospective studies have suggested that using an aggressive policy of intravenous anti-pseudomonal antibiotics at regular intervals, irres
- Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
Hyperkalaemia occurs in outpatients and in between 1% and 10% of hospitalised patients. When severe, consequences include arrhythmia and death.
- Endoscopic or surgical intervention for painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2015
Endoscopy and surgery are the treatment modalities of choice for patients with chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic duct (obstructive chronic pancreatitis). Physicians face, without clear consensus, the choice between endoscopy or surgery for this
- Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2009
Prevention of relapse is a major issue in the management of Crohn's disease. Corticosteroids and 5-ASA preparations are not effective for the maintenance of remission. Methotrexate, infliximab, 6-mercaptopurine and its prodrug, azathioprine may be effecti
- Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-May-2008
The role of enteral nutrition in Crohn's disease is controversial. Increasing research on the mechanisms by which nutritional therapy improves the clinical well being of patients with Crohn's disease has led to novel formula design and trials comparing tw
- Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2010
Enteral feeding (tube feeding) is offered to many people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease experiencing difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and maintaining adequate nutritional intake leading to weight loss.
- Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2015
Enteral tube feeding is routinely used in many cystic fibrosis centres when oral dietary and supplement intake has failed to achieve an adequate nutritional status. The use of this method of feeding is assessed on an individual basis taking into considera
- Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Acute pancreatitis creates a catabolic stress state promoting a systemic inflammatory response and nutritional deterioration. Adequate supply of nutrients plays an important role in recovery. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been standard practice for
- Exercise for diabetic pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Nov-2009
Diabetes in pregnancy may result in unfavourable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Exercise was proposed as an additional strategy to improve glycaemic control. The effect of exercise during pregnancies complicated by diabetes needs to be assessed.
- Exercise for overweight or obesity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Clinical trials have shown that exercise in adults with overweight or obesity can reduce bodyweight. There has been no quantitative systematic review of this in The Cochrane Library.
- Exercise for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Exercise is generally recommended for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, some studies evaluate an exercise intervention including diet or behaviour modification or both, and the effects of diet and exercise are not differentiated. Some exercis
- Family therapy for anorexia nervosa
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2010
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is characterised by distorted body image and deliberately maintained low body weight. The long term prognosis is often poor, with severe medical, developmental and psychosocial complications, high rates of relapse and mortality. Diff
- Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Dec-2015
Hypoxaemia during labour can alter the shape of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform, notably the relation of the PR to RR intervals, and elevation or depression of the ST segment. Technical systems have therefore been developed to monitor the fetal
- Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-May-2014
Acute bacterial meningitis remains a disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. However, with prompt and adequate antimicrobial and supportive treatment, the chances for survival have improved, especially among infants and children. Careful manageme
- Fluids and diuretics for acute ureteric colic
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jan-2012
Acute ureteric colic is commonly associated with severe and debilitating pain. Theoretically, increasing fluid flow through the affected kidney might expedite stone passage, thereby improving symptoms more quickly. The efficacy and safety of interventions
- Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2008
Folate deficiency can result in congenital neural tube defects and megaloblastic anaemia. Low folate levels may be due to insufficient dietary intake or inefficient absorption, but impaired metabolic utilization also occurs.
