Showing 101-120 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2016
Acute bacterial meningitis remains a disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. However, with prompt and adequate antimicrobial and supportive treatment, the chances for survival have improved, especially among infants and children. Careful manageme
- Fluids and diuretics for acute ureteric colic
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Acute ureteric colic is commonly associated with severe and debilitating pain. Theoretically, increasing fluid flow through the affected kidney might expedite stone passage, thereby improving symptoms more quickly. The efficacy and safety of interventions
- Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2008
Folate deficiency can result in congenital neural tube defects and megaloblastic anaemia. Low folate levels may be due to insufficient dietary intake or inefficient absorption, but impaired metabolic utilization also occurs.
- Furosemide for prevention of morbidity in indomethacin‐treated infants with patent ductus arteriosus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2001
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis mediates closure of the ductus arteriosus and renal side effects after indomethacin administration. Because furosemide increases prostaglandin production, it could potentially help prevent indomethacin-related toxicit
- Gastrostomy feeding versus oral feeding alone for children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2013
Children with cerebral palsy can be significantly disabled in terms of their ability to suck, chew and swallow. This can lead to significant impairment in feeding and, eventually, to undernutrition. It can also result in aspiration of food into the lungs.
- Gonadotrophin therapy for ovulation induction in subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Aug-2015
Approximately 15% of women with PCOS remain anovulatory despite treatment with oral anti-oestrogen medications such as clomiphene citrate. In addition, about half of women with PCOS ovulating on anti-oestrogen treatment fail to conceive. Gonadotrophin sti
- Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2011
Neonates have immature granulopoiesis, which frequently results in neutropenia after sepsis. Neutropaenic septic neonates have a higher mortality than non-neutropenic septic neonates. Therefore, granulocyte transfusion to septic neutropenic neonates may i
- Granulocyte transfusions for treating infections in people with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Apr-2016
Despite modern antimicrobials and supportive therapy bacterial and fungal infections are still major complications in people with prolonged disease-related or treatment-related neutropenia. Transfusions of granulocytes have a long history of usage in clin
- Group based diabetes self-management education compared to routine treatment, waiting list control or no intervention for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jun-2015
Self-management skills are necessary for patients with type 2 diabetes. Group based diabetes self management education (DSME) is central among methods for teaching self-management.
- Growth monitoring in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Growth monitoring is widely accepted and strongly supported by health professionals, and is a standard component of community paediatric services throughout the world. We sought to evaluate research evidence of its impact. This requires definition, consid
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Gaucher disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2017
Gaucher disease is the most common lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Current treatment of the disease involves a choice from enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy and hemotopoietic stem c
- Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2011
Mechanical or infectious complications often necessitate their removal and/or replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters. Heparin has been shown to be effective in prolonging the patency of peripheral arterial catheters and central venous catheters,
- HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for dialysis patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Sep-2013
People with advanced kidney disease treated with dialysis experience mortality rates from cardiovascular disease that are substantially higher than for the general population. Studies that have assessed the benefits of statins (HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
- Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2020
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, particularly those of iron, vitamin A, and zinc, affect more than two billion people worldwide. Young children are highly vulnerable because of rapid growth and inadequate dietary practices. Multiple micronutrient powders
- Home versus hospital intravenous antibiotic therapy for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Dec-2015
Recurrent endobronchial infection in cystic fibrosis requires treatment with intravenous antibiotics for several weeks usually in hospital, affecting health costs and quality of life for patients and their families. This is an update of a previously publi
- Homocysteine lowering interventions for peripheral arterial disease and bypass grafts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2013
Elevated plasma levels of the amino acid homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinaemia) are associated with narrowing or blocking of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Treatment to lower homocysteine levels has been shown to be both effective and cheap in healthy volu
- Hormonal versus non‐hormonal contraceptives in women with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
Adequate contraceptive advice is important in both women with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 to reduce the risk of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in unplanned pregnancies. A wide variety of contraceptives are available for these women. H
- 'Human' insulin versus animal insulin in people with diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2005
Human insulin was introduced for the routine treatment of diabetes mellitus in the early 1980s without adequate comparison of efficacy to animal insulin preparations. First reports of altered hypoglycaemia awareness after transfer to human insulin made ph
- Hydration for treatment of preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2013
Hydration has been proposed as a treatment for women with preterm labour. Theoretically, hydration may reduce uterine contractility by increasing uterine blood flow and by decreasing pituitary secretion of antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.
- Hypertonic salt solution for peri‐operative fluid management
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jun-2016
Fluid excess may place people undergoing surgery at risk for various complications. Hypertonic salt solution (HS) maintains intravascular volume with less intravenous fluid than isotonic salt (IS) solutions, but may increase serum sodium. This review was
