Showing 101-120 of 489 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jul-2010
Several dietary factors have been considered to be involved in the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in industrialised countries. Experimental and epidemiological evidence has been suggestive but not conclusive for a protective role for high dieta
- Dietary fibre for the prevention of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2008
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Experimental evidence has supported the hypothesis that dietary fibre may be protective for the development of CRC, although epidemiologic data have been inco
- Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2014
Between 4% and 25% of school-age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. It is unclear whether the diagnosis includes children with different aetiologies for their pain. For the majori
- Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Patients with discoloured teeth frequently present to the dentist requesting restorations designed to improve their appearance. For teeth that are sound, this might include the use of a veneer restoration. The veneer acts as a thin layer of a material cov
- Domestic violence screening and intervention programmes for adults with dental or facial injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2015
Domestic violence exists in all communities across the world. Healthcare services have a pivotal role in the identification, assessment and response to domestic violence. As the face is a common target in assault, dentists and oral and maxillofacial surge
- Dopamine agents for hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2014
Patients with hepatic encephalopathy may present with extrapyramidal symptoms and changes in basal ganglia. These changes are similar to those seen in patients with Parkinson's disease. Dopamine agents (such as bromocriptine and levodopa, used for patient
- Double bag or Y-set versus standard transfer systems for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in end-stage kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2014
Peritonitis is the most frequent serious complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). It has a major influence on the number of patients switching from CAPD to haemodialysis and has probably restricted the wider acceptance and uptake
- D-penicillamine for primary biliary cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Oct-2008
D-penicillamine is used for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis due to its hepatic copper decreasing and immunomodulatory potentials. The results from randomised clinical trials have been inconsistent.
- D-penicillamine for primary sclerosing cholangitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a cholestatic disease. D-penicillamine is suggested as a treatment option due to its copper reducing and immunomodulatory potential.
- Drug treatment for faecal incontinence in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2013
Faecal incontinence (leakage of bowel motions or stool) is a common symptom which causes significant distress and reduces quality of life.
- Drugs for treating giardiasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2008
There can be a high rate of recurrence of disease after initial drug treatment for giardiasis. These drugs also have a range of adverse effects.
- Drugs for treating Schistosoma mansoni infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2013
Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic infection common in the tropics and sub-tropics. Chronic and advanced disease includes abdominal pain, diarrhoea, blood in the stool, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and premature death.
- Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2014
Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by an intravascular infection with parasitic Schistosoma haematobium worms. The adult worms typically migrate to the venous plexus of the human bladder and excrete eggs which the infected person passes in their urine. Chr
- Duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2009
Surgery of primary tumour is the backbone of colorectal cancer treatment (CRC). But in stage III cancer, metastatic or local relapse is often observed (50%). So, adjuvant treatment is always considered in this setting. The best treatment duration of hypot
- Early enteral nutrition within 24h of colorectal surgery versus later commencement of feeding for postoperative complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
This updated review from 2011 focus on early postoperative enteral nutrition after gastrointestinal surgery. Traditional management consist of 'nil by mouth', where patients receive fluids followed by solids when tolerated. Although several trials have im
- Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
The early institution of enteral feeding in the first few days of life is known to impact on the development of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. However, the effect of early intravenous nutrition on neonatal jaundice remains unknown.
- Early routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography strategy versus early conservative management strategy in acute gallstone pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2012
The role and timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in acute gallstone pancreatitis remains controversial. A number of clinical trials and meta-analyses have provided conflicting evidence.
- Early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2008
A burn injury increases the body's metabolic demands, and therefore nutritional requirements. Provision of an adequate supply of nutrients is believed to lower the incidence of metabolic abnormalities, thus reducing septic morbidity, improving survival ra
- Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jun-2013
Gallstones are present in about 10% to 15% of the adult western population. Between 1% and 4% of these adults become symptomatic in a year (the majority due to biliary colic but a significant proportion due to acute cholecystitis). Laparoscopic cholecyste
- Early versus Delayed Refeeding for Children with Acute Diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2011
Acute diarrhoea is one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. The cornerstone of treatment is oral rehydration therapy and dietary management. However, there is a lack of data and studies on both the t
