Showing 1181-1200 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Mar-2017
The use of botulinum toxin as an investigative and treatment modality for strabismus is well reported in the medical literature. However, it is unclear how effective it is in comparison to other treatment options for strabismus.
- Botulinum toxin for upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction in neurological swallowing disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-May-2014
Adequate upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) opening is critical to safe and efficient swallowing due to the close proximity of the UOS to the airway entrance. Many people with neurological conditions, progressive and non-progressive, present with UOS dysfu
- Botulinum toxin injections for adults with overactive bladder syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a common condition with a significant negative impact on quality of life characterised by urgency with or without urge incontinence, frequency and nocturia. Intravesical botulinum toxin is being increasingly used to t
- Botulinum toxin injections for low-back pain and sciatica
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2010
Adequate relief from low-back pain (LBP) is not always possible. Emerging evidence suggests a role for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in treating pain disorders. Proponents of BoNT suggest its properties can decrease muscle spasms, ischemia and in
- Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2004
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in Issue 3, 2004 of The Cochrane Library and previously updated in 2007.
- Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jul-2021
Botulinum toxin type A (BontA) is the most frequent treatment for facial wrinkles, but its effectiveness and safety have not previously been assessed in a Cochrane Review.
- Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2019
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disabilities in children in high-income countries. Spasticity is the most common motor disturbance in CP. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is considered the first-line treatment for focal spasticity
- Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2020
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Blepharospasm is the second most common form of focal dystonia. It is a disabling disorder, characterised by chronic, intermittent or persistent, involuntary eyelid closure, due to spasmodic
- Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2020
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia, and is a highly disabling movement disorder, characterised by involuntary, usually painful, head posturing. Currently, botulinum t
- Botulinum toxin type A therapy for hemifacial spasm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2020
This is an update of a Cochrane Review, first published in 2005.
- Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2021
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a highly disabling movement disorder, characterised by involuntary, usually painful, head posturing. Currently, botulinum to
- Botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2016
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. There are two available formulations of botulinum
- Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2016
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2004, and previously updated in 2009 (no change in conclusions). Cervical dystonia is a frequent and disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. Botulinum toxin type A (
- Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jun-2018
Migraine occurs in around 15% of adults and is ranked as the seventh most disabling disease amongst all diseases globally. Despite the available treatments many people suffer prolonged and frequent attacks which have a major impact on their quality of lif
- Braces and orthoses for treating osteoarthritis of the knee
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2015
Individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee can be treated with a knee brace or a foot/ankle orthosis. The main purpose of these aids is to reduce pain, improve physical function and, possibly, slow disease progression. This is the second update of t
- Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2015
Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. Howe
- Bradykinin beta‐2 receptor antagonists for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral oedema, the accumulation of fluid within the brain, is believed to be an important contributor to the secondary brain damage that occurs following injury. The rele
- Brain natriuretic peptide and N‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide for the diagnosis of haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2022
Echocardiogram is the reference standard for the diagnosis of haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in preterm infants. A simple blood assay for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-p
- Branched‐chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Oct-2020
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play a vital role in neonatal nutrition. Optimal BCAA supplementation might improve neonatal nutrient storage, leading to better physical and neurological development and other outcomes.
- Branched‐chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-May-2017
Hepatic encephalopathy is a brain dysfunction with neurological and psychiatric changes associated with liver insufficiency or portal-systemic shunting. The severity ranges from minor symptoms to coma. A Cochrane systematic review including 11 randomised
