Showing 1201-1220 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Topical antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2021
Patients treated with mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) have a high risk of developing respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has been estimated to affect 5% to 40% of patients treated with mechanica
- Topical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene replacement for cystic fibrosis-related lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2013
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a defective gene encoding a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and is characterised by chronic lung infection resulting in inflammation and progressive lung damage that results in a
- Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Aug-2008
Topical fluoride therapy (TFT) in the form of varnish, gel, mouthrinse or toothpaste has been used extensively as a caries-preventive intervention for over 3 decades.
- Topical lidocaine for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2013
This is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 2, 2007. The cause of postherpetic neuralgia is damage to peripheral neurons, dorsal root ganglia, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, secondary to herpes zoster infection (shingles)
- Traditional birth attendant training for improving health behaviours and pregnancy outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jul-2012
Between the 1970s and 1990s, the World Health Organization promoted traditional birth attendant (TBA) training as one strategy to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. To date, evidence in support of TBA training is limited but promising for some mortal
- Training health professionals in smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2013
Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death world wide. There is good evidence that brief interventions from health professionals can increase smoking cessation attempts. A number of trials have examined whether skills training for
- Transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) vs totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic techniques for inguinal hernia repair.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
The choice of approach to the laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia is controversial. There is a scarcity of data comparing the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach with the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approach and que
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was introduced as a neurophysiological technique in 1985 when Anthony Barker and his team developed a compact machine that permitted non-invasive stimulation of the cerebral cortex (Barker 1985). Since its introduct
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating depression
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Transcranial magnetic stimulation can either excite or inhibit cortical areas of the brain, depending on whether the speed of the repetitive stimulation is applied at high or low frequencies. It has been used for physiological studies and it has also been
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jul-2014
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a popular pain treatment modality but its effectiveness in chronic pain management is unknown. This review is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2001.
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) versus placebo for chronic low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2013
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was introduced more than 30 years ago as a therapeutic adjunct to the pharmacological management of pain. However, despite widespread use, its effectiveness in chronic low-back pain (LBP) is still controv
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for primary dysmenorrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
Medical therapy for dysmenorrhoea (painful menstrual cramps of the uterus) such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or the oral contraceptive pill work by reducing myometrial (uterine muscle) activity. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TEN
- Transcutaneous electrostimulation for osteoarthritis of the knee
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2009
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease and the leading cause of pain and physical disability in the elderly. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential current stimulation and pulsed electrostimulation are used wid
- Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Dec-2021
The optimal haemoglobin threshold for use of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in anaemic patients remains an active field of research. Blood is a scarce resource, and in some countries, transfusions are less safe than in others because of inadequate test
- Transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2008
Spinal anaesthesia has been in use since 1898. During the last decade there has been an increase in the number of reports implicating lidocaine as a possible cause of temporary and permanent neurologic complications after spinal anaesthesia. Follow up of
- Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jun-2021
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been the gold-standard treatment for alleviating urinary symptoms and improving urinary flow in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the morbidity of TURP approaches 20%, and
- Transverse verses midline incisions for abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2011
The choice of surgical incision in the abdomen is determined by access. It has been suggested that other parameters such as recovery and complication rate may be influenced by utilising a transverse or oblique rather than a midline incision. However, ther
- Treatment for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2014
Peritonitis is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) that is associated with significant morbidity including death, hospitalisation, and need to change from PD to haemodialysis. Treatment is aimed to reduce morbidity and recurrence. This is an
- Treatment Foster Care for improving outcomes in children and young people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2008
Treatment foster care (TFC) is a foster family-based intervention that aims to provide young people (and, where appropriate, their families) with a tailored programme designed to effect positive changes in their lives. TFC was designed specifically to cat
- Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2013
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is a risk factor for PAD. Treatment for hypertension must be compatible with the symptoms of PAD. Controversy regarding the effects of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade
