Showing 1221-1240 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2013
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is a risk factor for PAD. Treatment for hypertension must be compatible with the symptoms of PAD. Controversy regarding the effects of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade
- Treatment of severe or progressive Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-infected adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Aug-2014
Kaposi's sarcoma remains the most common cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa and the second most common cancer in HIV-infected patients worldwide. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), there has been a decline in its incidence.
- Treatments for adults with prominent lower front teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-May-2018
Prominent lower front teeth may be associated with a large or prognathic lower jaw (mandible) or a small or retrusive upper jaw (maxilla). Edward Angle, who may be considered the father of modern orthodontics, classified the malocclusion in this situation
- Tricyclic and related drugs for nocturnal enuresis in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2016
Enuresis (bedwetting) affects up to 20% of five year-olds and 2% of adults. Although spontaneous remission often occurs, the social, emotional and psychological costs can be great. Tricyclics have been used to treat enuresis since the 1960s.
- Tricyclic drugs for depression in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jun-2013
There is a need to identify effective and safe treatments for depression in children and adolescents. While tricyclic drugs are effective in treating depression in adults, individual studies involving children and adolescents have been equivocal. Prescrib
- Type of incision for below knee amputation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2014
Below knee amputation (BKA) may be necessary in patients with advanced critical limb ischaemia or diabetic foot sepsis in whom no other treatment option is available. There is no consensus as to which surgical technique achieves the maximum rehabilitation
- Types of indwelling urethral catheters for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2014
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. The major associated cause is indwelling urethral catheters. Several measures have been introduced to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). One of these
- Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2012
Prolonged urinary catheterization is common amongst people in long-term care settings and this carries a high risk of developing a catheter-related urinary tract infection and associated complications. A variety of different kinds of urethral catheters ar
- Types of progestogens in combined oral contraception: effectiveness and side-effects
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Mar-2011
The progestogen component of combined oral contraceptives (COC) has undergone changes since it was first recognised that it's chemical structure could influence the spectrum of minor adverse and beneficial effects. The major determinants of effectiveness
- Universal school‐based prevention for illicit drug use
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2014
Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease. Primary interventions should aim to reduce first use or to prevent the transition from experimental use to addiction. School is the appropriate setting for preventive interventions.
- Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short‐term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2015
Indwelling urethral catheters are often used for bladder drainage in hospital. Urinary tract infection is the most common hospital-acquired infection, and a common complication of urinary catheterisation. Pain, ease of use and quality of life are importan
- Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Sep-2017
Abnormal biliary secretion leads to the thickening of bile and the formation of plugs within the bile ducts; the consequent obstruction and abnormal bile flow ultimately results in the development of cystic fibrosis-related liver disease. This condition p
- Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
Ursodeoxycholic acid is administered to patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, a chronic progressive inflammatory autoimmune-mediated liver disease with unknown aetiology. Despite its controversial effects, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has appr
- Use of plastic adhesive drapes during surgery for preventing surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2015
Surgical site infection has been estimated to occur in about 15% of clean surgery and 30% of contaminated surgery cases. Using plastic adhesive drapes to protect the wound from organisms that may be present on the surrounding skin during surgery is one st
- Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2021
Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) are serious diseases that can lead to serious complications, disability, and death. However, public debate over the safety of the trivalent MMR vaccine and the resultant drop in vaccination coverage in s
- Vaccines for preventing cholera: killed whole cell or other subunit vaccines (injected)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2010
Injected cholera vaccines are rarely used today, although they may have some benefit. It is valuable to summarize the evidence for effectiveness of injected cholera vaccines for comparison with newer oral vaccines (subject of a separate Cochrane Review).
- Vaccines for preventing hepatitis B in health-care workers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2008
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic liver diseases. Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for health-care workers.
- Vaccines for preventing infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Aug-2015
Chronic pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis results in progressive lung damage. Once colonisation of the lungs with Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs, it is almost impossible to eradicate. Vaccines, aimed at reducing infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Feb-2018
The consequences of influenza in adults are mainly time off work. Vaccination of pregnant women is recommended internationally. This is an update of a review published in 2014. Future updates of this review will be made only when new trials or vaccines be
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Feb-2018
The consequences of influenza in children and adults are mainly absenteeism from school and work. However, the risk of complications is greatest in children and people over 65 years of age. This is an update of a review published in 2011. Future updates o
