Showing 1261-1280 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Calcitonin for preventing and treating corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2000
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is a cause of morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma, and rheumatologic disorders. Corticosteroid treatment causes bone loss by a variety of complex mechanisms. It has been shown that bone m
- Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2020
Thyroid nodules are very common in general medical practice, but rarely turn out to be a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Calcitonin is a sensitive tumour marker for the detection of MTC (basal calcitonin). Sometimes a stimulation test is used to improv
- Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Feb-2017
Preterm infants are born with low skeletal stores of calcium and phosphorus. Preterm human milk provides insufficient calcium and phosphorus to meet the estimated needs of preterm infants for adequate growth. Supplementation of human milk with calcium and
- Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Apr-1998
Osteoporosis and subsequent fracture are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is defined by low bone mass, and has many etiologies with different patterns of bone loss. Corticosteroid therapy is a contributor to the development of osteoporosis. St
- Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jan-2023
Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become fragile due to low bone density and impaired bone quality. This results in fractures that lead to higher morbidity and reduced quality of life. Osteoporosis is considered a major public health concern worldwi
- Calcium antagonists as an add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in The Cochrane Library 2001, Issue 4.
- Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2019
The sudden loss of blood supply in ischemic stroke is associated with an increase of calcium ions within neurons. Inhibiting this increase could protect neurons and might reduce neurological impairment, disability, and handicap after stroke.
- Calcium antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Secondary ischaemia is a frequent cause of poor outcome in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Its pathogenesis has been incompletely elucidated, but vasospasm probably is a contributing factor. Experimental studies have suggested that calcium a
- Calcium antagonists for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2008
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle condition starting in childhood, leading to severe disability and a shortened life span. It is due to severe deficiency of the protein dystrophin which performs both structural and signalling roles
- Calcium channel blockers for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
Acute traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability. Calcium channel blockers (calcium antagonists) have been used in an attempt to prevent cerebral vasospasm after injury, maintain blood flow to the brain, and so prevent further damage.
- Calcium channel blockers for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2018
Schizophrenia and related disorders affect a sizable proportion of any population. Antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment for these disorders. Antipsychotic medications are associated with a variety of adverse effects including tardive dyskin
- Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour and birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2014
Preterm birth is a major contributor to perinatal mortality and morbidity, affecting around 9% of births in high-income countries and an estimated 13% of births in low- and middle-income countries. Tocolytics are drugs used to suppress uterine contraction
- Calcium channel blockers for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2020
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are used to manage hypertension which is highly prevalent among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The treatment for hypertension is particularly challenging in people undergoing dialysis.
- Calcium channel blockers for potential impaired fetal growth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-1996
Calcium channel blockers may increase the blood flow to the fetus or may improve fetal-placental cellular energy generation. This could enhance fetal growth.
- Calcium channel blockers for preventing acute tubular necrosis in kidney transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
The incidence of delayed graft function in cadaveric grafts has increased over the last few years due in part to the large demand for cadaveric kidneys necessitating the use of kidneys from marginal donors. Calcium channel blockers have the potential to r
- Calcium channel blockers for preventing cardiomyopathy due to iron overload in people with transfusion‐dependent beta thalassaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jul-2018
Beta thalassaemia is a common inherited blood disorder. The need for frequent blood transfusions in this condition poses a difficult problem to healthcare systems. The most common cause of morbidity and mortality is cardiac dysfunction from iron overload.
- Calcium channel blockers for primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2017
Raynaud's phenomenon is a vasospastic disease characterized by digital pallor, cyanosis, and extremity pain. Primary Raynaud's phenomenon is not associated with underlying disease, but secondary Raynaud's phenomenon is associated with connective tissue di
- Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud's phenomenon
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2016
Calcium channel blockers are the most commonly prescribed drugs for people with primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Primary Raynaud's phenomenon is a common condition characterised by an exaggerated vasospastic response to cold or emotion: classically the digit
- Calcium channel blockers for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Sep-2015
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of several forms of pulmonary hypertension: a chronic disease of the pulmonary vasculature. The mean age at diagnosis is around 50 years old, with increasing prevalence in people over 70 years old (10% to 17%).
- Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2022
This is the first update of a review published in 2010. While calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are often recommended as a first-line drug to treat hypertension, the effect of CCBs on the prevention of cardiovascular events, as compared with other antihyper
