Showing 1281-1300 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Clinical service organisation for heart failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Aug-2012
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a serious, common condition associated with frequent hospitalisation. Several different disease management interventions (clinical service organisation interventions) for patients with CHF have been proposed.
- Clinical symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children and adolescents with community-acquired pneumonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Aug-2012
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents. Treatment with macrolide antibiotics is recommended. However, M. pneumoniae is difficult to diagnose based on clinical symptoms and s
- Clinical symptoms, signs and tests for identification of impending and current water-loss dehydration in older people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2015
There is evidence that water-loss dehydration is common in older people and associated with many causes of morbidity and mortality. However, it is unclear what clinical symptoms, signs and tests may be used to identify early dehydration in older people, s
- Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2015
US Centers for Disease Control guidelines recommend replacement of peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters no more frequently than every 72 to 96 hours. Routine replacement is thought to reduce the risk of phlebitis and bloodstream infection. Catheter inser
- Clobazam as an add-on in the management of refractory epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2011
Epilepsy effects approximately 1% of the population, with up to 30% of patients continuing to have seizures despite antiepileptic drug treatment.
- Clobazam monotherapy for partial-onset or generalized-onset seizures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2014
There is a need to expand monotherapy options available to a clinician for the treatment of new partial-onset or generalized-onset seizures. A Cochrane systematic review for clobazam monotherapy is expected to define its place in the treatment of new-onse
- Clofibrate in combination with phototherapy for unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
There are many pathological conditions leading to an elevated unconjugated bilirubin level (hyperbilirubinaemia) in neonates. Currently the standard therapies for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia include phototherapy and exchange transfusion. In addition
- Clomiphene and anti-oestrogens for ovulation induction in PCOS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
Subfertility due to anovulation is a common problem in women. First-line oral treatment is with anti-oestrogens, for example clomiphene citrate, but resistance (failure to ovulate) may be apparent with clomiphene. Alternative and adjunctive treatments hav
- Clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in women with oligo-amenorrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jul-2008
The administration of clomiphene citrate is followed by an enhanced release of pituitary gonadotropins resulting in follicular recruitment. After the drug is stopped, there is continuing secretion of estradiol, selection of the dominant follicle and, in s
- Clomiphene citrate for unexplained subfertility in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2009
The effectiveness of clomiphene citrate has been demonstrated in the treatment of subfertility associated with infrequent or irregular ovulation. The physiologic effects and clinical benefits in ovulatory women with unexplained subfertility are less clear
- Clomiphene citrate in combination with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian stimulation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2012
Gonadotropins are the most commonly used medication for controlled ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, they are expensive, invasive and are associated with risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). With recent calls for p
- Clomiphene or tamoxifen for idiopathic oligo/asthenospermia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jul-2008
Oligo-astheno-teratospermia (sperm of low concentration, reduced motility and increased abnormal morphology) of unknown cause is common and the need for treatment is felt by patients and doctors alike. As a result, a variety of empirical, non-specific tre
- Clonazepam for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Antiepileptic drugs have been used in pain management since the 1960s; some have shown efficacy in treating different neuropathic pain conditions. Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, is an established antiepileptic drug, but its place in the treatment of neurop
- Clonidine for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2008
Clonidine was originally used to lower blood pressure. It acts on the central nervous system and may reduce withdrawal symptoms in various addictive behaviours, including tobacco use.
- Clonidine premedication for postoperative analgesia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2014
Postoperative pain remains a significant problem following paediatric surgery. Premedication with a suitable agent may improve its management. Clonidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist which has sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic properties. It may there
- Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for preventing cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2010
Aspirin is the prophylactic antiplatelet drug of choice for people with cardiovascular disease. Adding a second antiplatelet drug to aspirin may produce additional benefit for those at high risk and those with established cardiovascular disease.
- Closed reduction methods for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2008
Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem. Displaced fractures are usually reduced using closed reduction methods, which are non-surgical and generally comprise traction and manipulation. The resulting position is then stabilised, typical
- Closed suction surgical wound drainage after orthopaedic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2008
Closed suction drainage systems are frequently used to drain fluids, particularly blood, from surgical wounds. The aim of these systems is to reduce the occurrence of wound haematomas and infection.
- Closed tracheal suction systems versus open tracheal suction systems for mechanically ventilated adult patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jun-2010
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication in ventilated patients. Endotracheal suctioning is a procedure that may constitute a risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia. It can be performed with an open system or with a closed system.
- Closure versus medical therapy for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Aug-2015
The optimal therapy for preventing recurrent stroke in people with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale (PFO) has not been defined. The choice between medical therapy (antithrombotic treatment with antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants) and transca
