Showing 121-140 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2016
Recurrent wheeze and breathlessness are common in people with cystic fibrosis, and bronchodilators are commonly prescribed. Despite their wide-scale and often long-term use, there is limited objective evidence about their efficacy in cystic fibrosis (CF).
- Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2014
Reduction of lung inflammation is one of the goals of cystic fibrosis therapy. Inhaled corticosteroids are often used to treat children and adults with cystic fibrosis. The rationale for this is their potential to reduce lung damage arising from inflammat
- Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2014
Mucus retention in the lungs is a prominent feature of bronchiectasis. The stagnant mucus becomes chronically colonised with bacteria, which elicit a host neutrophilic response. This fails to eliminate the bacteria, and the large concentration of host-der
- Insulin and oral agents for managing cystic fibrosis-related diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jul-2013
The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation recommends both short-term and long-acting insulin therapy when cystic fibrosis-related diabetes has been diagnosed. Diagnosis is based on: an elevated fasting blood glucose level greater than 6.94 mmol/liter (125 mg/decilit
- Insulin monotherapy versus combinations of insulin with oral hypoglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
It is unclear whether patients with type 2 diabetes who have poor glycaemic control despite maximal oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) should be commenced on insulin as monotherapy, or insulin combined with oral hypoglycaemic agents (insulin-OHA combination
- Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2012
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by infrequent or absent ovulation (anovulation), high levels of male hormones (hyperandrogenaemia) and high levels of insulin (hyperinsulinaemia secondary to increased insulin resistance). Hyperinsulinaemi
- Insulin-sensitising drugs versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne and risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer in polycystic ovary syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2010
Insulin-sensitizing drugs (ISDs) have recently been advocated as possibly a safer and more effective long-term treatment than the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is important to directly compare the efficac
- Interventions for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Apr-2013
Over the last decade there has been enhanced awareness of the appreciable morbidity of thyroid dysfunction, particularly thyroid deficiency. Since treating clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism may reduce adverse obstetric outcomes, it is crucial to ide
- Interventions for dysphagia and nutritional support in acute and subacute stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2012
Dysphagia (swallowing problems) are common after stroke and can cause chest infection and malnutrition. Dysphagic, and malnourished, stroke patients have a poorer outcome.
- Interventions for growth failure in childhood Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Crohn's disease in childhood is a chronic relapsing condition. Fifteen to forty per cent of children with Crohn's disease have growth retardation (Griffiths 1993a). Some treatment modalities including corticosteroids have been implicated in growth failure
- Interventions for improving adherence to treatment recommendations in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
Research suggests adherence to treatment recommendations is low. In type 2 diabetes, which is a chronic condition slowly leading to serious vascular, nephrologic, neurologic and ophthalmological complications, it can be assumed that enhancing adherence to
- Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2011
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slowly developing type 1 diabetes.
- Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2015
Many women experience leg cramps in pregnancy. They become more common as pregnancy progresses and are especially troublesome at night.
- Interventions for non-oliguric hyperkalaemia in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Apr-2012
Non-oliguric hyperkalaemia of the newborn is defined as a plasma potassium level > 6.5 mmol/L in the absence of acute renal failure. Hyperkalaemia is a common complication in the first 48 hours of life in very low birth weight (VLBW) (birth weight < 1500
- Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Approximately 30 per cent of people over 65 years of age and living in the community fall each year; the number is higher in institutions. Although less than one fall in 10 results in a fracture, a fifth of fall incidents require medical attention.
- Interventions for preventing obesity in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Prevention of childhood obesity is an international public health priority given the significant impact of obesity on acute and chronic diseases, general health, development and well-being. The international evidence base for strategies that governments,
- Interventions for the prevention of nutritional rickets in term born children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2008
Nutritional rickets is a disease of growing children leading to bone deformities, bone pain, convulsions or delayed motor development. Today, high-incidence of nutritional rickets is mainly found in low-income countries.
- Interventions for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2012
The complaint of a burning sensation in the mouth can be said to be a symptom of other disease or a syndrome in its own right of unknown aetiology. In patients where no underlying dental or medical causes are identified and no oral signs are found, the te
- Interventions for treating obesity in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Child and adolescent obesity is increasingly prevalent, and can be associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences.
- Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2008
Oral leukoplakia is a relatively common oral lesion that in a small but significant proportion of cases changes into cancer. Since most leukoplakias are asymptomatic, the primary objective of treatment should be to prevent such malignant transformation.
