Showing 121-140 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Hypotonic vs isotonic saline solutions for intravenous fluid management of acute infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2003
Hypotonic saline (such as 0.18-0.3% NaCl with dextrose) is commonly used as maintenance fluid in the management of acute infections. In recent years there have been numerous reports of hypotonic saline solutions being associated with adverse outcomes. To
- Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Mar-2018
Inhaled antibiotics are commonly used to treat persistent airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that contributes to lung damage in people with cystic fibrosis. Current guidelines recommend inhaled tobramycin for individuals with cystic fibrosis and
- Inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2016
Recurrent wheeze and breathlessness are common in people with cystic fibrosis, and bronchodilators are commonly prescribed. Despite their wide-scale and often long-term use, there is limited objective evidence about their efficacy in cystic fibrosis (CF).
- Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jul-2019
The reduction of lung inflammation is one of the goals of cystic fibrosis therapy. Inhaled corticosteroids are often used in this respect to treat children and adults with cystic fibrosis. The rationale for this is their potential to reduce lung damage ar
- Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2014
Mucus retention in the lungs is a prominent feature of bronchiectasis. The stagnant mucus becomes chronically colonised with bacteria, which elicit a host neutrophilic response. This fails to eliminate the bacteria, and the large concentration of host-der
- Insulin monotherapy versus combinations of insulin with oral hypoglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
It is unclear whether patients with type 2 diabetes who have poor glycaemic control despite maximal oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) should be commenced on insulin as monotherapy, or insulin combined with oral hypoglycaemic agents (insulin-OHA combination
- Insulin‐sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D‐chiro‐inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Nov-2017
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by infrequent or absent ovulation, and high levels of androgens and insulin (hyperinsulinaemia). Hyperinsulinaemia occurs secondary to insulin resistance and is associated with increased risk of cardiovasc
- Interventions for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism pre‐pregnancy and during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2013
Over the last decade there has been enhanced awareness of the appreciable morbidity of thyroid dysfunction, particularly thyroid deficiency. Since treating clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism may reduce adverse obstetric outcomes, it is crucial to ide
- Interventions for growth failure in childhood Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
Crohn's disease in childhood is a chronic relapsing condition. Fifteen to forty per cent of children with Crohn's disease have growth retardation (Griffiths 1993a). Some treatment modalities including corticosteroids have been implicated in growth failure
- Interventions for improving adherence to treatment recommendations in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
Research suggests adherence to treatment recommendations is low. In type 2 diabetes, which is a chronic condition slowly leading to serious vascular, nephrologic, neurologic and ophthalmological complications, it can be assumed that enhancing adherence to
- Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slowly developing type 1 diabetes.
- Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
Many women experience leg cramps in pregnancy. They become more common as pregnancy progresses and are especially troublesome at night.
- Interventions for non‐oliguric hyperkalaemia in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Non-oliguric hyperkalaemia of the newborn is defined as a plasma potassium level > 6.5 mmol/L in the absence of acute renal failure. Hyperkalaemia is a common complication in the first 48 hours of life in very low birth weight (VLBW) (birth weight < 1500
- Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Approximately 30 per cent of people over 65 years of age and living in the community fall each year; the number is higher in institutions. Although less than one fall in 10 results in a fracture, a fifth of fall incidents require medical attention.
- Interventions for preventing obesity in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2019
Prevention of childhood obesity is an international public health priority given the significant impact of obesity on acute and chronic diseases, general health, development and well-being. The international evidence base for strategies to prevent obesity
- Interventions for the prevention of nutritional rickets in term born children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2008
Nutritional rickets is a disease of growing children leading to bone deformities, bone pain, convulsions or delayed motor development. Today, high-incidence of nutritional rickets is mainly found in low-income countries.
- Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Nov-2016
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a term used for oral mucosal pain (burning pain or discomfort in the tongue, lips or entire oral cavity) without identifiable cause. General population prevalence varies from 0.1% to 3.9%. Many BMS patients indicate anxiety
- Interventions for treating obesity in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2019
Child and adolescent obesity is increasingly prevalent, and can be associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences.
- Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jul-2016
Oral leukoplakia is a relatively common oral lesion that, in a small proportion of people, precedes the development of oral cancer. Most leukoplakias are asymptomatic; therefore, the primary objective of treatment should be to prevent onset of cancer. Thi
- Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2020
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic T cell-mediated disease, which can cause significant pain, particularly in its erosive or ulcerative forms. As pain is the indication for treatment of OLP, pain resolution is the primary outcome for
