Showing 121-140 of 490 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Elective surgery for benign liver tumours
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Benign liver tumours (haemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma) have different prevalence and prognosis. Spontaneous rupture and malignant transformation can complicate hepatic adenoma. Elective surgery is controversial, and indications
- Electrical stimulation for faecal incontinence in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Faecal incontinence is a particularly embarrassing and distressing condition with significant medical, social and economic implications. Electrical stimulation has been used with apparent success in the treatment of faecal incontinence. However, standards
- Emergency sclerotherapy versus vasoactive drugs for bleeding oesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
Emergency sclerotherapy is still widely used as a first line therapy for variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis, particularly when banding ligation is not available or feasible. However, pharmacological treatment may stop bleeding in the majority of
- Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) for periodontal tissue regeneration in intrabony defects
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Periodontitis is a chronic infective disease of the gums caused by bacteria present in dental plaque. This condition induces the breakdown of the tooth supporting apparatus until teeth are lost. Surgery may be indicated to arrest disease progression and r
- Endodontic procedures for retreatment of periapical lesions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2016
When primary root canal therapy fails, periapical lesions can be retreated with or without surgery. Root canal retreatment is a non-surgical procedure that involves removal of root canal filling materials from the tooth, followed by cleaning, shaping and
- Endoscopic balloon sphincter dilation (sphincteroplasty) versus sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Endoscopic balloon dilation was introduced as an alternative to endoscopic sphincterotomy to preserve the sphincter of Oddi and avoid undesirable effects due to an incompetent sphincter. Endoscopic balloon dilation has been largely abandoned by USA endosc
- Endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
The treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) using endoscopy, namely endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), has been adopted for about 20 years, but the effectiveness and safety of the modality are still controversial. Furthermore, the risk of bias of trials
- Endoscopic or surgical intervention for painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Mar-2015
Endoscopy and surgery are the treatment modalities of choice for patients with chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic duct (obstructive chronic pancreatitis). Physicians face, without clear consensus, the choice between endoscopy or surgery for this
- Endoscopic pneumatic dilation versus botulinum toxin injection in the management of primary achalasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2014
Achalasia is an oesophageal motility disorder, of unknown cause, which results in increased lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) tone and symptoms of difficulty swallowing. Treatments are aimed at reducing the LOS tone. Current endoscopic therapeutic options
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography with or without stenting in patients with pancreaticobiliary malignancy, prior to surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Postoperative morbidity and mortality are high in patients undergoing pancreatico-duodenectomy for malignant pancreatico-biliary stricture. Different approaches have been tried to improve the outcomes, including pre-surgical biliary stenting with endoscop
- Energy source instruments for laparoscopic colectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Apr-2011
Colectomy is a common procedures for both benign and malignant conditions. Increasingly more colectomy has been performed laparoscopically and there are several available instruments being used for this procedure. Of which three common dissecting instrume
- Enteral feeding methods for nutritional management in patients with head and neck cancers being treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 3, 2010.
- Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2018
Prevention of relapse is a major issue in the management of quiescent Crohn's disease (CD). Current therapies (e.g. methotrexate, biologics, 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine) may be effective for maintaining remission in CD, but these drugs may cause sig
- Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2018
Corticosteroids are often preferred over enteral nutrition (EN) as induction therapy for Crohn's disease (CD). Prior meta-analyses suggest that corticosteroids are superior to EN for induction of remission in CD. Treatment failures in EN trials are often
- Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2011
Enteral feeding (tube feeding) is offered to many people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease experiencing difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and maintaining adequate nutritional intake leading to weight loss.
- Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2019
Enteral tube feeding is routinely used in many cystic fibrosis centres when oral dietary and supplement intake has failed to achieve an adequate nutritional status. The use of this method of feeding is assessed on an individual basis taking into considera
- Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Acute pancreatitis creates a catabolic stress state promoting a systemic inflammatory response and nutritional deterioration. Adequate supply of nutrients plays an important role in recovery. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been standard practice for
- Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis, vomiting and pain after abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jul-2016
Gastrointestinal paralysis, nausea and vomiting and pain are major clinical problems following abdominal surgery. Anaesthetic and analgesic techniques that reduce pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), while preventing or reducing postoperativ
- Epinephrine injection versus epinephrine injection and a second endoscopic method in high-risk bleeding ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Oct-2014
Endoscopic therapy reduces the rebleeding rate and the need for surgery in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers.
- Eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori‐positive people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2016
Peptic ulcer disease is the cause of dyspepsia in about 10% of people. Ninety-five percent of duodenal and 70% of gastric ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori. Eradication of H. pylori reduces the relapse rate of ulcers but the magnitude of this
