Showing 121-140 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Early versus late discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2009
It has been hypothesized that the duration of supplemental oxygen administration, independent of the oxygen concentration, gestational age and/or birth weight, is influential in the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Concern regarding
- Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2020
Low plasma levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in preterm infants provide a rationale for the use of EPO to prevent or treat anaemia.
- Early volume expansion for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
Reduced perfusion of organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract may lead to acute dysfunction and be associated with permanent injury. Various strategies have been used to provide cardiovascular support to preterm infants incl
- Early volume expansion versus inotrope for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2008
Reduced perfusion of organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract may lead to acute dysfunction and be associated with permanent injury. Various strategies have been used to provide cardiovascular support to preterm infants incl
- Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in breast milk. Evidence exists that taurine has important roles in intestinal fat absorption, hepatic function, and auditory and visual development in preterm or low birth weight infants. Observational data su
- Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jul-2012
Optimal timing for clamping the umbilical cord at preterm birth is unclear. Early clamping allows for immediate transfer of the infant to the neonatologist. Delaying clamping allows blood flow between the placenta, the umbilical cord and the baby to conti
- Elective delivery in diabetic pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2009
In pregnancies complicated by diabetes the major concerns during the third trimester are fetal distress and the potential for birth trauma associated with fetal macrosomia.
- Elective high frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
Pulmonary disease continues to be the major cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Chronic lung disease (CLD) following mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is still a problem despite increased use of
- Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2015
Respiratory failure due to lung immaturity is a major cause of mortality in preterm infants. Although the use of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in neonates with respiratory failure saves lives, its use is associated with lung injury and
- Endotracheal intubation at birth for preventing morbidity and mortality in vigorous, meconium-stained infants born at term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-2008
On the basis of evidence from non-randomised studies, it has been recommended that all babies born through thick meconium should have their tracheas intubated so that suctioning of their airways can be performed. The aim is to reduce the incidence and sev
- Enteral antibiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in low birthweight or preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2008
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal problem of preterm neonates. There have been reports published suggesting that the use of enteral antibiotics may be effective as prophylaxis. This systematic review was undertaken to cla
- Enteral iron supplementation in preterm and low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Apr-2012
Preterm infants are at risk of exhausting their body iron stores much earlier than healthy term newborns. It is widespread practice to give enteral iron supplementation to preterm and low birth weight infants to prevent iron deficiency anaemia. However, i
- Epinephrine for bronchiolitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-May-2011
Bronchodilators are commonly used for acute bronchiolitis, despite uncertain effectiveness.
- Epinephrine for the resuscitation of apparently stillborn or extremely bradycardic newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2011
Epinephrine is a cardiac stimulant with complex effects on the heart and blood vessels. It has been used for decades in all age groups to treat cardiac arrest and bradycardia. Despite formal guidelines for the use of epinephrine in neonatal resuscitation,
- Erythromycin for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2008
Functional immaturity of gastrointestinal motility predisposes preterm infants to feeding intolerance. Erythromycin is a motilin agonist that exerts its prokinetic effect by stimulating propagative contractile activity in the interdigestive phase.
- Erythromycin for the prevention of chronic lung disease in intubated preterm infants at risk for, or colonized or infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2008
Controversy exists over whether or not Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization or infection of the respiratory tract contributes to the severity of chronic lung disease (CLD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.
- Ethamsylate for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm or very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Ethamsylate decreases blood loss in certain clinical situations such as menorrhagia and following some surgical procedures. This potential to reduce bleeding has led to the hypothesis that it may have a role to play in reducing intraventricular haemorrhag
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2008
Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a complex procedure of life support used in severe but potentially reversible respiratory failure in term infants. Although the number of babies eligible for ECMO is small and the use of ECMO invasive
- Extubation from low-rate intermittent positive airway pressure versus extubation after a trial of endotracheal continuous positive airway pressure in intubated preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2009
Failure of extubation and subsequent reintubation may result in additional stress and trauma to the premature infant. Treating infants about to be extubated with a period of endotracheal CPAP has been suggested as a method of preparing for extubation. How
- Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2008
For term infants, human milk provides adequate nutrition to facilitate growth, as well as potential beneficial effects on immunity and the maternal-infant emotional state. However, the role of human milk in premature infants is less well defined as it con
