Showing 1441-1460 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging versus bone scintigraphy for clinically suspected scaphoid fractures in patients with negative plain radiographs
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2015
In clinically suspected scaphoid fractures, early diagnosis reduces the risk of non-union and minimises loss in productivity resulting from unnecessary cast immobilisation. Since initial radiographs do not exclude the possibility of a fracture, additional
- Computer-assisted surgery for knee ligament reconstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Sep-2014
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedures. The most common technical cause of reconstruction failure is graft malpositioning. Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) aims to improve the accuracy
- Computer-assisted versus oral-and-written dietary history taking for diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Diabetes is a chronic illness characterised by insulin resistance or deficiency, resulting in elevated glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Diet and adherence to dietary advice is associated with lower HbA1c levels and control of disease. Dietary
- Computer-assisted versus oral-and-written family history taking for identifying people with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2011
Diabetes is a chronic illness characterised by insulin resistance or deficiency, resulting in elevated glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Because diabetes tends to run in families, the collection of data is an important tool for identifying peop
- Computer-based diabetes self-management interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Feb-2013
Diabetes is one of the commonest chronic medical conditions, affecting around 347 million adults worldwide. Structured patient education programmes reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications four-fold. Internet-based self-management programmes have
- Computer-generated reminders delivered on paper to healthcare professionals; effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
Clinical practice does not always reflect best practice and evidence, partly because of unconscious acts of omission, information overload, or inaccessible information. Reminders may help clinicians overcome these problems by prompting the doctor to recal
- Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Nov-2013
Maintaining therapeutic concentrations of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window is a complex task. Several computer systems have been designed to help doctors determine optimum drug dosage. Signi?cant improvements in health care could be achieved if comp
- Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Aug-2016
People with atrial fibrillation (AF) often undergo cardiac surgery for other underlying reasons and are frequently offered concomitant AF surgery to reduce the frequency of short- and long-term AF and improve short- and long-term outcomes.
- Concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
The National Cancer Institute (USA) alert in February 1999 stated that concomitant chemoradiotherapy should be considered for all patients with cervical cancer, based on evidence from five randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
- Concomitant hydroxyurea plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
A number of randomised studies suggest hydroxyurea given alongside radiotherapy improves survival in patients with locally advanced cervix cancer. Following publication of five large randomised trials in 1999 and 2000 concomitant chemoradiotherapy has bec
- Concomitant hyperthermia and radiation therapy for treating locally advanced rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2009
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for patients with rectal cancer. For locally advanced cancer results were poor, with high rates of locoregional recurrences and poor overall survival data. Adding (chemo)radiotherapy upfront improved results mainly
- Concurrent chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2010
This is an updated version of the original review published in Issue 4, 2004. The use of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) might be seen as a way of increasing the effectiveness of radical radiotherapy at the s
- Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
The amount of protection that condoms provide for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections is unknown. Cohort studies of sexually active HIV serodiscordant couples with follow-up of the seronegative partner, provide a situation in which a seronegativ
- Condylocephalic nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
Two types of implants used for the surgical fixation of extracapsular hip fractures are condylocephalic nails (intramedullary nails that are inserted up through the femoral canal from above the knee and across the fracture) and extramedullary implants.
- Conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Feb-2016
People affected with sickle cell disease are at high risk of infection from Haemophilus influenzae type b. Before the implementation of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination in high-income countries, this was responsible for a high mortality
- Conjugate vaccines for preventing Haemophilus influenzae type B infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2009
Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is an important cause of meningitis and pneumonia in children. Vaccine cost is a significant barrier to use in low income countries. Determining the size of the effects of the vaccine will enable cost-effectiveness c
- Conjunctival autograft for pterygium
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2016
A pterygium is a fleshy, wing-shaped growth from the conjunctiva, crossing over the limbus onto the cornea. Prevalence ranges widely around the world. Evidence suggests that ultraviolet light is a major contributor in the formation of pterygia. Pterygia i
- Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper-limb lymphoedema in patients who are at risk of developing lymphoedema after breast cancer therapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2015
Breast cancer-related lymphoedema can be a debilitating long-term sequela of breast cancer treatment. Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of different treatment strategies to reduce the risk of breast cancer-related lymphoedema.
- Conservative interventions for treating diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2013
Diaphyseal forearm fractures in children are common injuries, the vast majority of which are treated conservatively. There is a need to assess the role of modifiable factors such as techniques of reduction and casting in order to optimise functional recov
- Conservative interventions for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem particularly in elderly white women with osteoporosis.
