Showing 141-160 of 642 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Cardiovascular 
- Continuous glucose monitoring systems for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Dec-2011
Self-monitoring of blood glucose is essential to optimise glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems measure interstitial fluid glucose levels to provide semi-continuous information about glucose levels, whi
- Continuous infusion versus bolus injection of loop diuretics in congestive heart failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2008
Loop diuretics, when given as intermittent bolus injections in acutely decompensated heart failure, may cause fluctuations in intravascular volume, increased toxicity and development of tolerance. Continuous infusion has been proposed to avoid these compl
- Continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus doses of indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus closure in symptomatic preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2010
Indomethacin is a prostaglandin inhibitor used for the prevention and the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Potential adverse effects of indomethacin use in premature infants include reduction in cerebral, mesenteric and renal blood flow and pl
- Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
The use of peripheral intravenous cannulae is common in newborn babies. Many of them require an intravenous line only for medications and not for fluid. Currently there is little uniformity in methods used to maintain cannula patency.
- Continuous passive motion for preventing venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2014
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common form of orthopaedic surgery. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which consists of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a major and potentially fatal complication after TKA. The incidence of DVT
- Cooling therapy for acute stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2008
Increased body temperatures are common in patients with acute stroke and are associated with poor outcome. In animal models of focal cerebral ischaemia, temperature-lowering therapy reduces infarct volume. In patients with acute stroke, lowering temperatu
- Corticosteroids for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jul-2011
The majority of strokes are due to cerebral infarction. Ischaemic cerebral tissue tends to develop cytotoxic oedema which, if the blood-brain barrier is disrupted, may be followed by vasogenic oedema. Large infarcts can develop life-threatening massive oe
- Corticosteroids for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and primary intracerebral haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Corticosteroids, particularly dexamethasone, are commonly used for treatments in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and primary intracerebral haemorrhage (PICH) despite the lack of evidence.
- Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2013
Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the myocardium accompanied by myocellular necrosis. Experimental evidence suggests that autoimmune mechanisms follow viral infection, resulting in inflammation and necrosis in the myocardium. However, the use of c
- Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2011
The creatine kinase system, the central regulatory system of cellular energy metabolism, provides ATP in situ at ATP-ases involved in ion transport and muscle contraction. Furthermore, the enzyme system provides relative protection from tissue ischaemia a
- Cryoplasty for peripheral arterial disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2013
Percutaneous balloon angioplasty is an endovascular technique for restoring blood flow through an artery that has become narrowed or blocked by atherosclerosis. Narrowing of the artery following angioplasty (restenosis) is the major cause of long-term fai
- Cyclofenil for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Raynaud's is a vasodilatory phenomenon characterised by digital pallor, cyanosis and pain of the extremities. Primary Raynaud's phenomenon has no underlying disease associated with it, while secondary Raynaud's phenomenon is associated with conective tiss
- Dan Shen agents for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2008
Based mainly on experimental data that indicates improvement to the cerebral microcirculation, Dan Shen, a herbal medicine, is widely used in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke in China.
- Danshen (Chinese medicinal herb) preparations for acute myocardial infarction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Mar-2013
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most important cause of morbidity from ischaemic heart disease, and is among the leading causes of death in the western world. Danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used in China for treatment of several di
- Debridement of diabetic foot ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2011
Foot ulceration is thought to affect 15% of people with diabetes at some time in their lives. Debridement is widely regarded as an effective intervention to speed up ulcer healing. The most effective method is unclear.
- Diet or exercise, or both, for weight reduction in women after childbirth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2013
Weight retention after pregnancy may contribute to obesity. It is known that diet and exercise are recommended components of any weight loss programme in the general population. However, strategies to achieve healthy body weight among postpartum women hav
- Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2013
Changes in population diet are likely to reduce cardiovascular disease and cancer, but the effect of dietary advice is uncertain. This review is an update of a previous review published in 2007.
- Dietary advice given by a dietitian versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
The average level of blood cholesterol is an important determinant of the risk of coronary heart disease. Blood cholesterol can be reduced by dietary means. Although dietitians are trained to provide dietary advice, for practical reasons it may be given b
- Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2014
A cholesterol-lowering diet and several other dietary interventions have been suggested as a management approach either independently or as an adjuvant to drug therapy in children and adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). However, a consensus h
- Dieting to reduce body weight for controlling hypertension in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jun-2008
As early as the 1920's, researchers noted a relationship between caloric restriction, weight loss and a decreased incidence of hypertension (Terry 1922, Preble 1923, Bauman 1928, Master 1929). In 1988 a meta-analysis of aggregate data from 12 prospective
