Showing 141-160 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Caffeine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Caffeine has a variety of pharmacological effects; it is a weak bronchodilator and it also reduces respiratory muscle fatigue. It is chemically related to the drug theophylline which is used to treat asthma. It has been suggested that caffeine may reduce
- Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive p
- Calcium channel blockers for preventing acute tubular necrosis in kidney transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
The incidence of delayed graft function in cadaveric grafts has increased over the last few years due in part to the large demand for cadaveric kidneys necessitating the use of kidneys from marginal donors. Calcium channel blockers have the potential to r
- Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2018
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are common causes of serious morbidity and death. Calcium supplementation may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia, and may help to prevent preterm birth. This is an update of a review last published in 2014.
- Calorie controlled diet for chronic asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2003
The prevalence of asthma has increased in recent years. Epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between the onset of asthma and dietary nonallergic factors especially high calorie diet. These can be regarded as other potentially important risk facto
- Cancer genetic risk assessment for individuals at risk of familial breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
The recognition of an inherited component to breast cancer has led to an increase in demand for information, reassurance, and genetic testing, which has resulted in the creation of genetic clinics for familial cancer. The first step for patients referred
- Capitation, salary, fee‐for‐service and mixed systems of payment: effects on the behaviour of primary care physicians
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2000
It is widely believed that the method of payment of physicians may affect their clinical behaviour. Although payment systems may be used to achieve policy objectives (e.g. cost containment or improved quality of care), little is known about the effects of
- Carbamazepine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Apr-2014
This is an update of a Cochrane review entitled 'Carbamazepine for acute and chronic pain in adults' published in Issue 1, 2011. Some antiepileptic medicines have a place in the treatment of neuropathic pain (pain due to nerve damage). This updated review
- Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2020
Preterm infants are born with low glycogen stores and require higher glucose intake to match fetal accretion rates. In spite of the myriad benefits of breast milk for preterm infants, it may not adequately meet the needs of these rapidly growing infants.
- Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2016
Anthracyclines are among the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of numerous malignancies. Unfortunately, their use is limited by a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. In an effort to prevent this cardiotoxicity, different cardioprotective
- Care delivery and self management strategies for adults with epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2016
Researchers have criticised epilepsy care for adults for its lack of impact, stimulating the development of various service models and strategies to respond to perceived inadequacies.
- Care home versus hospital and own home environments for rehabilitation of older people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2008
Rehabilitation for older people has acquired an increasingly important profile for both policy-makers and service providers within health and social care agencies. This has generated an increased interest in the use of alternative care environments includ
- Carnitine supplementation of parenterally fed neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2000
Carnitine, a quaternary amino acid, plays an important role in the oxidation of long chain fatty acids. Both breast milk and infant formulas contain carnitine. However, it is not routinely provided in parenteral nutrition solutions. Non supplemented paren
- Carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid artery stenosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2020
Carotid artery stenting is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis. This review updates a previous version first published in 1997 and subsequently updated in 2004, 2007, and 2012.
- Case management for persons with substance use disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2014
Patients with alcohol and other drug use disorders (AOD) frequently have multiple social, physical, and mental health treatment needs, yet have difficulty accessing community services, including drug abuse treatment. One strategy for linking patients with
- Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2019
Peritonitis is one of the limiting factors for the growth of peritoneal dialysis (PD) worldwide and is a major cause of technique failure. Several studies have examined the effectiveness of various catheter-related interventions for lowering the risk of P
- Caudal epidural block versus other methods of postoperative pain relief for circumcision in boys
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2008
Techniques to minimize the postoperative discomfort of penile surgery, such as circumcision, include caudal block; penile block; systemic opioids and topical local anaesthetic cream, emulsion or gel.
- Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2010
Concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have prompted reconsideration of the use of allogeneic (from an unrelated donor) red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, and a range of techniques to minimise transfusion requirements.
- Cellulose, modified cellulose and synthetic membranes in the haemodialysis of patients with end‐stage renal disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
When the kidney fails the blood-borne metabolites of protein breakdown and water cannot be excreted. The principle of haemodialysis is that such substances can be removed when blood is passed over a semipermeable membrane. Natural membrane materials inclu
- Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2012
Central venous access (CVA) is widely used. However, its thrombotic, stenotic and infectious complications can be life-threatening and involve high-cost therapy. Research revealed that the risk of catheter-related complications varied according to the sit
