Showing 141-160 of 214 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Renal 
- Medical adjuvant treatment to increase patency of arteriovenous fistulae and grafts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2021
People with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) often require either the formation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or an interposition prosthetic arteriovenous graft (AVG) for haemodialysis. These access sites should ideally have a long life and a low rate o
- Methenamine hippurate for preventing urinary tract infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2012
Methenamine salts are often used as an alternative to antibiotics for the prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI). This review was first published in Issue 1, 2002 and updated in Issue 4, 2007.
- Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2017
Urinary incontinence is a very common and debilitating problem affecting about 50% of women at some point in their lives. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a predominant cause in 30% to 80% of these women imposing significant health and economic burden
- Modes of administration of antibiotics for symptomatic severe urinary tract infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Urinary tract infection (UTI), worldwide, is a major source of disease in children and adults. As it may have long-term consequences such as kidney failure and hypertension, it is important to treat patients with UTI adequately. Although standard manageme
- Naftopidil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2018
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in ageing men that may cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Treatment aims are to relieve symptoms and prevent disease-related complications. Naftopidil is an alpha-blocker (AB) that has a hig
- Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2020
About 80% of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) have relapses. Of these children, half relapse frequently, and are at risk of adverse effects from corticosteroids. While non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications prolong perio
- Non-immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2011
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease with approximately 30% to 40% of patients progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) within 20 years. The most common regimens include immunosuppressive agents, however the risks of
- Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) versus opioids for acute renal colic
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
Renal colic is a common cause of acute severe pain. Both opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended for treatment, but the relative efficacy of these drugs is uncertain.
- Nutritional interventions for liver-transplanted patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jul-2012
Malnutrition is a common problem for patients waiting for orthotopic liver transplantation and a risk factor for post-transplant morbidity. The decision to initiate enteral or parenteral nutrition, to which patients and at which time, is still debated. Th
- Nutritional support for acute kidney injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2012
Treatment for acute kidney Injury (AKI) primarily relies on treating the underlying cause and maintaining the patient until kidney function has recovered. Enteral and parenteral nutrition are commonly used to treat nutritional disorders in AKI patients, h
- Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2012
It is possible that oestrogen deficiency may be an aetiological factor in the development of urinary incontinence in women. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and subsequently updated in 2009.
- Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2008
Recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) is defined as three episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the previous 12 months or two episodes in the last six months. The main factors associated with RUTI in postmenopausal women are vesical prolapse, cy
- Open retropubic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jul-2017
Urinary incontinence is a common and potentially debilitating problem. Stress urinary, incontinence as the most common type of incontinence, imposes significant health and economic burdens on society and the women affected. Open retropubic colposuspension
- Oral antibiotics versus parenteral antibiotics for severe pneumonia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2006
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age in developing countries. When hospitalisation is required, the usual practice includes administering parenteral antibiotics if a
- Pain management for rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular or renal comorbidity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2011
Pain in rheumatoid arthritis is common, is often multi-factorial and many different pharmacotherapeutic agents are routinely used for pain management. There are concerns that some of the pain pharmacotherapies currently used may increase the risk of adver
- Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Feb-2019
The anaemia seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be exacerbated by iron deficiency. Iron can be provided through different routes, with advantages and drawbacks of each route. It remains unclear whether the potential harms and additional costs of intr
- Pegloticase for chronic gout
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
Pegloticase is a potential new treatment option for patients with chronic gout intolerant to other urate-lowering therapies.
- Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Pelvic floor muscle training is the most commonly recommended physical therapy treatment for women with stress leakage of urine. It is also used in the treatment of women with mixed incontinence, and less commonly for urge incontinence. Adjuncts, such as
- Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2018
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the most commonly used physical therapy treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). It is sometimes also recommended for mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and, less commonly, urgency urinary incontinen
- Pentoxifylline for diabetic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2013
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, mostly relating to cardiovascular complications. The relevance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DKD has been investigated in recent years, and it has been shown that
