Showing 161-180 of 642 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Cardiovascular 
- Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jul-2012
The optimal glycaemic control target in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes is unclear, although there is a clear link between high glucose concentrations and adverse birth outcomes.
- Digitalis for treatment of heart failure in patients in sinus rhythm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2014
Digitalis glycosides have been in clinical use for the treatment of heart failure (HF) for longer than 200 years. In recent years, several trials have been conducted to address concerns about their efficacy and toxicity.
- Digoxin for preventing or treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2010
Lendrum 1955 suggested that pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure may contribute to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Based on this hypothesis, investigators began to use digitalis glycosides to improve myocardial contractility
- Dipyridamole for preventing stroke and other vascular events in patients with vascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Aug-2010
Patients with limited cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin are at risk of serious vascular events (4% to 11% annually). Aspirin reduces that risk by 13%. In one trial, adding dipyridamole to aspirin was associated with a 22% risk reduction compared with
- Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2011
Patients who have undergone total hip or knee replacement (THR, TKR) have a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) following surgery, despite appropriate anticoagulation with warfarin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). New anticoagulant
- Distal aortic perfusion during thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair for prevention of paraplegia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Feb-2012
During thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery, decreased spinal cord perfusion can result in neurological deficits such as paraplegia and paraparesis. Distal aortic perfusion, alone or in combination with other adjuncts, may counter the decrease
- Diuretic therapy for newborn infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Intraventricular hemorrhage remains a serious complication of premature birth and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus still has no satisfactory treatment. Acetazolamide and furosemide, which both reduce the production of cerebrospinal fluid, have been suggeste
- Diuretics acting on the distal renal tubule for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2011
Lung disease in preterm infants is often complicated with lung edema.
- Diuretics for heart failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2012
Chronic heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diuretics are regarded as the first-line treatment for patients with congestive heart failure since they provide symptomatic relief. The effects of diuretics on disease progressi
- Diuretics for Ménière's disease or syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Mar-2010
This is an update of a review first published in The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2006.
- Diuretics for preventing pre-eclampsia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2010
Diuretics are used to reduce blood pressure and oedema in non-pregnant individuals. Formerly, they were used in pregnancy with the aim of preventing or delaying the development of pre-eclampsia. This practice became controversial when concerns were raised
- Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2011
Lung edema may complicate respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants.
- Diuretics for transient tachypnoea of the newborn
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Nov-2015
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) results from delayed clearance of lung liquid and is a common cause of admission of full-term infants to neonatal intensive care units. The condition is particularly common after elective caesarean section. Conven
- Dopamine versus no treatment to prevent renal dysfunction in indomethacin-treated preterm newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Indomethacin therapy for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) frequently causes oliguria and occasionally more serious renal dysfunction. Low dose dopamine has been suggested as a means for preventing this side effect.
- Dressings and topical agents for arterial leg ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jun-2015
It is estimated that people in industrialised countries have a 1% chance of suffering from a leg ulcer at some time in their life. The majority of leg ulcers are associated with circulation problems; poor blood return in the veins causes venous ulcers (ar
- Dressings for healing venous leg ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-May-2014
Venous leg ulcers, sometimes called varicose or stasis ulcers, are a consequence of damage to the valves in the veins of the legs, leading to raised venous pressure. Venous ulcers are characterised by a cyclical pattern of healing and recurrence. The main
- Drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents for angina or acute coronary syndromes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2015
Coronary artery stents are tiny tubular devices used to 'scaffold' vessels open during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Restenosis (re-narrowing) of vessels treated with stents is a problem; in order to reduce restenosis, stents that
- Drugs and pacemakers for vasovagal, carotid sinus and situational syncope
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Apr-2013
Neurally mediated reflex syncope is the most common cause of transient loss of consciousness. In patients not responding to non-pharmacological treatment, pharmacological or pacemaker treatment might be considered.
- Drugs for nocturnal enuresis in children (other than desmopressin and tricyclics)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Oct-2012
Enuresis (bedwetting) is a socially stigmatising and stressful condition which affects around 15% to 20% of five-year olds and up to 2% of young adults. Although there is a high rate of spontaneous remission, the social, emotional and psychological costs
- Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2016
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin, resulting in abnormal red blood cells. These are rigid and may block blood vessels leading to acute painful crises and other complications. Recent research has focused on therapies to rehydrate t
