Showing 161-180 of 753 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pharmacotherapeutics 
- Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: a network meta-analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2012
Bisphosphonates are specific inhibitors of osteoclastic activity and used in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). While bisphosphonates are shown to be effective in reducing vertebral fractures and pain, their role in improving overall su
- Blood pressure lowering in patients without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
This is an update of a previous review (McGuinness 2006).
- Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic cerebral palsy (UPDATE)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Cerebral palsy (CP) is "a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture causing activity limitation(s) that are attributed to non-progressive disturbance that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain" (Rosenbaum 2007, p.9
- Botulinum toxin injections for adults with overactive bladder syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a common condition with a significant negative impact on quality of life characterised by urgency with or without urge incontinence, frequency and nocturia. Intravesical botulinum toxin is being increasingly used to t
- Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2009
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in Issue 3, 2004 of The Cochrane Library and previously updated in 2007.
- Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Children with cerebral palsy often have spasticity of the legs, a condition in which the legs are stiff because of involuntary muscle overactivity caused by the brain or spinal cord disorder. Spasticity causes poor coordination, spasms, abnormal posture a
- Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2008
Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by chronic intermittent or persistent involuntary eyelid closure due to spasmodic contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscles. Other facial and neck muscles are also frequently involved. Most cases are idi
- Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2008
Cervical dystonia is characterized by involuntary posturing of the head and frequently is associated with neck pain. Disability and social withdrawal are common. In recent years, Botulinum toxin Type A (BtA) has become the first line therapy. However its
- Botulinum toxin type A therapy for hemifacial spasm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2008
Hemifacial spasm is characterised by unilateral involuntary contractions of muscles innervated by the facial nerve. The usual cause is a vessel touching the facial nerve near its origin from the brain stem. Although it is a benign condition it can cause s
- Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2008
Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia. It is characterized by involuntary posturing of the head and frequently is associated with neck pain. Disability and social withdrawal are common. Most cases are idiopathic and generally cervica
- Botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2008
Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia. It is characterized by involuntary posturing of the head and frequently is associated with neck pain. Disability and social withdrawal are common. Most cases are idiopathic, and generally it is
- Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2008
Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia. It is characterized by involuntary posturing of the head and frequently is associated with neck pain. Disability and social withdrawal are common. Most cases of cervical dystonia are idiopathic
- Bradykinin beta-2 receptor antagonists for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-May-2010
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral oedema, the accumulation of fluid within the brain, is believed to be an important contributor to the secondary brain damage that occurs following injury. The rele
- Bromperidol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Sep-2012
Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia. Long-acting depot injections of drugs such as bromperidol decanoate are extensively used as a means of long-term maintenance treatment.
- Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2015
Corticosteroids are commonly used for the induction of remission in Crohn's disease. However, traditional corticosteroids can cause significant adverse events. Budesonide is an alternative glucocorticoid with limited systemic bioavailability.
- Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Feb-2013
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder. The role of pharmacotherapy for IBS is limited and focused mainly on symptom control.
- Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Dec-2014
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2012. Caffeine has been added to common analgesics such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, and aspirin, in the belief that it enhances analgesic efficacy. Evidence to support this be
- Caffeine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Caffeine has a variety of pharmacological effects; it is a weak bronchodilator and it also reduces respiratory muscle fatigue. It is chemically related to the drug theophylline which is used to treat asthma. It has been suggested that caffeine may reduce
- Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive p
- Calcitonin for preventing and treating corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-May-2010
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is a cause of morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma, and rheumatologic disorders. Corticosteroid treatment causes bone loss by a variety of complex mechanisms. It has been shown that bone m
