Showing 161-180 of 746 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pharmacotherapeutics 
- Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2004
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in Issue 3, 2004 of The Cochrane Library and previously updated in 2007.
- Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2019
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disabilities in children in high-income countries. Spasticity is the most common motor disturbance in CP. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is considered the first-line treatment for focal spasticity
- Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2020
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Blepharospasm is the second most common form of focal dystonia. It is a disabling disorder, characterised by chronic, intermittent or persistent, involuntary eyelid closure, due to spasmodic
- Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2020
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia, and is a highly disabling movement disorder, characterised by involuntary, usually painful, head posturing. Currently, botulinum t
- Botulinum toxin type A therapy for hemifacial spasm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2020
This is an update of a Cochrane Review, first published in 2005.
- Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2021
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a highly disabling movement disorder, characterised by involuntary, usually painful, head posturing. Currently, botulinum to
- Botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2016
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. There are two available formulations of botulinum
- Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2016
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2004, and previously updated in 2009 (no change in conclusions). Cervical dystonia is a frequent and disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. Botulinum toxin type A (
- Bradykinin beta-2 receptor antagonists for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-May-2010
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral oedema, the accumulation of fluid within the brain, is believed to be an important contributor to the secondary brain damage that occurs following injury. The rele
- Bromperidol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia. Long-acting depot injections of drugs such as bromperidol decanoate are extensively used as a means of long-term maintenance treatment.
- Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2015
Corticosteroids are commonly used for the induction of remission in Crohn's disease. However, traditional corticosteroids can cause significant adverse events. Budesonide is an alternative glucocorticoid with limited systemic bioavailability.
- Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2011
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder. The role of pharmacotherapy for IBS is limited and focused mainly on symptom control.
- Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2019
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2012. Caffeine has been added to common analgesics such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, and aspirin, in the belief that it enhances analgesic efficacy. Evidence to support this be
- Caffeine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Caffeine has a variety of pharmacological effects; it is a weak bronchodilator and it also reduces respiratory muscle fatigue. It is chemically related to the drug theophylline which is used to treat asthma. It has been suggested that caffeine may reduce
- Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive p
- Calcitonin for preventing and treating corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2000
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is a cause of morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma, and rheumatologic disorders. Corticosteroid treatment causes bone loss by a variety of complex mechanisms. It has been shown that bone m
- Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Apr-1998
Osteoporosis and subsequent fracture are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is defined by low bone mass, and has many etiologies with different patterns of bone loss. Corticosteroid therapy is a contributor to the development of osteoporosis. St
- Calcium channel blockers for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
Acute traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability. Calcium channel blockers (calcium antagonists) have been used in an attempt to prevent cerebral vasospasm after injury, maintain blood flow to the brain, and so prevent further damage.
- Calcium channel blockers for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2018
Schizophrenia and related disorders affect a sizable proportion of any population. Antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment for these disorders. Antipsychotic medications are associated with a variety of adverse effects including tardive dyskin
- Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour and birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2014
Preterm birth is a major contributor to perinatal mortality and morbidity, affecting around 9% of births in high-income countries and an estimated 13% of births in low- and middle-income countries. Tocolytics are drugs used to suppress uterine contraction
