Showing 161-180 of 644 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Respiratory 
- Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Mar-2018
Current guidelines recommend that patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be treated with systemic corticosteroid for seven to 14 days. Intermittent systemic corticosteroid use is cumulatively associated wi
- Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2015
Tuberculosis (TB) requires at least six months of treatment. If treatment is incomplete, patients may not be cured and drug resistance may develop. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) is a specific strategy, endorsed by the World Health Organization, to impro
- Disclosing to parents newborn carrier status identified by routine blood spot screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2013
Newborn blood spot screening programmes are designed to detect serious conditions affecting individuals, where early treatment can improve health. It is suggested that screening can improve the experience of diagnosis for parents. For example, without new
- Dissection versus diathermy for tonsillectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2011
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 4, 2001 and previously updated in 2003.
- Domiciliary oxygen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Domiciliary oxygen therapy has become one of the major forms of treatment for hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
- Domiciliary oxygen for interstitial lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2001
Retrospective survival data have suggested poor effectiveness of oxygen therapy in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).
- Dopamine for prevention of morbidity and mortality in term newborn infants with suspected perinatal asphyxia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
Perinatal asphyxia remains an important condition with significant mortality and long-term morbidity. Multisystem involvement including hypotension and low cardiac output is common in infants with perinatal asphyxia. Dopamine is commonly used for infants
- Dornase alfa for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2021
Dornase alfa is currently used as a mucolytic to treat pulmonary disease (the major cause of morbidity and mortality) in cystic fibrosis. It reduces mucus viscosity in the lungs, promoting improved clearance of secretions. This is an update of a previousl
- Doxapram for ventilatory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Sep-2008
COPD is a progressive illness and in the later stages, exacerbations may lead to ventilatory failure. The combination of hypoxia and hypercapnia can lead to coma and death. Correction of these blood gas abnormalities is a medical emergency. Doxapram is a
- Doxapram treatment for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. Apnea can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pressure ventilation. Doxapram has been u
- Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pr
- Drug therapies for reducing gastric acidity in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Apr-2021
Malabsorption of fat and protein contributes to poor nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis. Impaired pancreatic function may also result in increased gastric acidity, leading in turn to heartburn, peptic ulcers and the impairment of oral pancr
- Drug therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2013
The treatment of choice for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) applied via a mask during sleep. However, this is not tolerated by all individuals and its role in mild OSA is not proven. Drug th
- Drug treatment for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2004
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is a progressive muscle disease which has no agreed treatment. Early suggestions that corticosteroids might be helpful were not supported by a subsequent open label study. The beta 2 adrenergic agonist albuterol, als
- Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2020
The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation recommends both short-term and long-acting insulin therapy when cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) has been diagnosed. Diagnosis is based on: an elevated fasting blood glucose level greater than 6.94 mmol/L (125 mg/dL);
- Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2020
This is the second update of this Cochrane Review. Some studies have suggested a protective effect of antioxidant nutrients and higher dietary levels of fruits and vegetables on lung cancer.
- Drugs for preventing tuberculosis in people at risk of multiple‐drug‐resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2006
The emergence and spread of multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, is a potential threat to global tuberculosis control. Treatment is prolonged, expens
- Duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2019
Progressive lung damage from recurrent exacerbations is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in cystic fibrosis. Life expectancy of people with cystic fibrosis has increased dramatically in the last 40 years. One of the major reasons for this increa
- Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2014
Currently, the most frequently used secondary treatment for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) consists of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) targeted at an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5 (range 2.0 to 3.0). However, based on the continuing
- Early emergency department treatment of acute asthma with systemic corticosteroids
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
The airway edema and secretions associated with acute asthma are most effectively treated with anti-inflammatories such as corticosteroids delivered by inhaled, oral, intravenous or intra-muscular routes. There is an unresolved debate about the use of sys
