Showing 1941-1960 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Cotrimoxazole for prophylaxis or treatment of opportunistic infections of HIV/AIDS in patients with previous history of hypersensitivity to cotrimoxazole
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Opportunistic infections continue to cause a significant amount of morbidity and mortality worldwide in patients infected with HIV. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of several opportunistic infections.
- Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in adults with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2003
The prevention and early treatment of infections are the mainstay of the medical management of the majority of people with HIV infection, who live in low income countries without access to antiretroviral drugs. Cotrimoxazole is cheap and effective against
- Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in children with HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2006
The majority of children with HIV infection live in low-income countries without access to antiretroviral drugs. The prevention and early treatment of opportunistic infections are the mainstay of their medical management. Cotrimoxazole is cheap and effect
- Cough augmentation techniques for extubation or weaning critically ill patients from mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jan-2017
There are various reasons why weaning and extubation failure occur, but ineffective cough and secretion retention can play a significant role. Cough augmentation techniques, such as lung volume recruitment or manually- and mechanically-assisted cough, are
- Cough augmentation techniques for people with chronic neuromuscular disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2021
People with neuromuscular disorders may have a weak, ineffective cough predisposing them to respiratory complications. Cough augmentation techniques aim to improve cough effectiveness and mucous clearance, reduce the frequency and duration of respiratory
- Counselling for mental health and psychosocial problems in primary care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
The prevalence of mental health and psychosocial problems in primary care is high. Counselling is a potential treatment for these patients, but there is a lack of consensus over the effectiveness of this treatment in primary care.
- Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2019
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refers to an anxiety or trauma- and stressor-related disorder that is linked to personal or vicarious exposure to traumatic events. PTSD is associated with a range of adverse individual outcomes (e.g. poor health, sui
- Couple therapy for depression
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jun-2018
Couple therapy for depression has the twofold aim of modifying negative interaction patterns and increasing mutually supportive aspects of intimate relationships, changing the interpersonal context of depression. Couple therapy is included in several guid
- Covering ileo- or colostomy in anterior resection for rectal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Apr-2010
Anastomotic leakage is one of the most important complications that occur after surgical low anterior resection for rectal cancer. There are indications that anastomotic leak is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, frequent re-operation or radi
- COVID‐19 and its cardiovascular effects: a systematic review of prevalence studies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Mar-2021
A small minority of people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop a severe illness, characterised by inflammation, microvascular damage and coagulopathy, potentially leading to myocardial injury, venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial occlusi
- Cow's milk protein avoidance and development of childhood wheeze in children with a family history of atopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Sep-2008
In infants with a family history of atopy, food allergen avoidance has been advocated as means of preventing the development of atopic disease, when breast-feeding is not possible or supplemental feeding is needed. Most infant formulas are based on cow's
- Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2012
Cranberries have been used widely for several decades for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This is the third update of our review first published in 1998 and updated in 2004 and 2008.
- Cranberries for treating urinary tract infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-1998
Cranberries (particularly in the form of cranberry juice) have been used widely for several decades for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of cranberries in treating such
- Cranial irradiation for preventing brain metastases of small cell lung cancer in patients in complete remission
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2018
Prophylactic cranial irradiation halves the rate of brain metastases in patients with small cell lung cancer. Individual randomized trials conducted on patients in complete remission were unable to clarify whether this treatment improves survival.
- C-reactive protein for diagnosing late-onset infection in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2019
Late-onset infection is the most common serious complication associated with hospital care for newborn infants. Because confirming the diagnosis by microbiological culture typically takes 24 to 48 hours, the serum level of the inflammatory marker C-reacti
- Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2011
The creatine kinase system, the central regulatory system of cellular energy metabolism, provides ATP in situ at ATP-ases involved in ion transport and muscle contraction. Furthermore, the enzyme system provides relative protection from tissue ischaemia a
- Creatine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
Creatine, a naturally-occurring nitrogenous organic acid involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, has been shown to increase survival in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND). Results fro
- Creatine for Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2014
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Creatine is effective in improving mitochondrial function. It may therefore be useful for slowing the prog
- Creatine for treating muscle disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2013
Progressive muscle weakness is a main symptom of most hereditary and acquired muscle diseases. Creatine improves muscle performance in healthy individuals. This is an update of our 2007 Cochrane review that evaluated creatine treatment in muscle disorders
- Creatine for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Dec-2014
Creatine is an amino acid derivative and, when phosphorylated (phosphocreatine), is involved in replenishing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via the creatine kinase reaction. Cells obtain creatine from a diet rich in fish, meat, or dairy and by endogenous sy
